Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite
The usage of non-degradable polymer as the main matrix for a cosmetic patch raises concern, as it can cause environmental pollution when discarded in landfill. Thus, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen in this study, as PLA has non-toxic properties and similar mechanical properties to con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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MDPI AG
2020
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/1/81891_Development%20of%20Biodegradable%20Cosmetic%20Patch%20Using%20a%20Polylactic%20Acid.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/7/81891_Development%20of%20biodegradable%20cosmetic%20patch%20using%20a%20polylactic%20acid_SCOPUS.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848789200493608960 |
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| author | Adli, Sarah Amalina Ali, Fathilah Azmi, Azlin Suhaida Anuar, Hazleen Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi Hasham, Rosnani Hafiz Idris, Mohamad Khairul |
| author_facet | Adli, Sarah Amalina Ali, Fathilah Azmi, Azlin Suhaida Anuar, Hazleen Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi Hasham, Rosnani Hafiz Idris, Mohamad Khairul |
| author_sort | Adli, Sarah Amalina |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The usage of non-degradable polymer as the main matrix for a cosmetic patch raises concern, as it can cause environmental pollution when discarded in landfill. Thus, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen in this study, as PLA has non-toxic properties and similar mechanical properties to conventional plastic materials. An active ingredient in a cosmetic patch serves the purpose of providing beneficial ingredients to the skin; therefore, phycocyanin, an extract from spirulina, was chosen, as it possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Alginate was also incorporated with the phycocyanin for fabrication onto the PLA matrix. A preliminary study was first carried out to identify the antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of the phycocyanin on skin cells. It was observed that phycocyanin had no cytotoxic effect on the skin and showed good antioxidant activity. PLA/phycocyanin–alginate composite was fabricated using a solvent casting method, and optimization of preparation conditions (phycocyanin/alginate ratio, stirring time, and temperature) were carried out using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method with responses of elongation at break and releasing properties. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–FTIR analysis was also conducted to further analyze the functional group of the composites. Surface morphologies were observed for samples before and after the releasing test. From the analyses conducted, PLA/phycocyanin–alginate composite prepared at a phycocyanin/alginate ratio of 40/60 for 20 h at 20 °C gave the best properties in terms of flexibility of film and releasing properties of phycocyanin. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:52:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-81891 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:52:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-818912020-12-29T06:49:49Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/ Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite Adli, Sarah Amalina Ali, Fathilah Azmi, Azlin Suhaida Anuar, Hazleen Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi Hasham, Rosnani Hafiz Idris, Mohamad Khairul T Technology (General) TP1080 Polymers, plastics and their manufacture TP248.13 Biotechnology TS Manufactures The usage of non-degradable polymer as the main matrix for a cosmetic patch raises concern, as it can cause environmental pollution when discarded in landfill. Thus, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen in this study, as PLA has non-toxic properties and similar mechanical properties to conventional plastic materials. An active ingredient in a cosmetic patch serves the purpose of providing beneficial ingredients to the skin; therefore, phycocyanin, an extract from spirulina, was chosen, as it possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Alginate was also incorporated with the phycocyanin for fabrication onto the PLA matrix. A preliminary study was first carried out to identify the antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of the phycocyanin on skin cells. It was observed that phycocyanin had no cytotoxic effect on the skin and showed good antioxidant activity. PLA/phycocyanin–alginate composite was fabricated using a solvent casting method, and optimization of preparation conditions (phycocyanin/alginate ratio, stirring time, and temperature) were carried out using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method with responses of elongation at break and releasing properties. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–FTIR analysis was also conducted to further analyze the functional group of the composites. Surface morphologies were observed for samples before and after the releasing test. From the analyses conducted, PLA/phycocyanin–alginate composite prepared at a phycocyanin/alginate ratio of 40/60 for 20 h at 20 °C gave the best properties in terms of flexibility of film and releasing properties of phycocyanin. MDPI AG 2020-07-27 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/1/81891_Development%20of%20Biodegradable%20Cosmetic%20Patch%20Using%20a%20Polylactic%20Acid.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/7/81891_Development%20of%20biodegradable%20cosmetic%20patch%20using%20a%20polylactic%20acid_SCOPUS.pdf Adli, Sarah Amalina and Ali, Fathilah and Azmi, Azlin Suhaida and Anuar, Hazleen and Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi and Hasham, Rosnani and Hafiz Idris, Mohamad Khairul (2020) Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite. Polymers, 12 (8). pp. 1-11. E-ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/8/1669 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081669 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) TP1080 Polymers, plastics and their manufacture TP248.13 Biotechnology TS Manufactures Adli, Sarah Amalina Ali, Fathilah Azmi, Azlin Suhaida Anuar, Hazleen Mohd Nasir, Nur Aimi Hasham, Rosnani Hafiz Idris, Mohamad Khairul Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| title | Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using
a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| title_full | Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using
a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| title_fullStr | Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using
a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using
a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| title_short | Development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using
a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| title_sort | development of biodegradable cosmetic patch using
a polylactic acid/phycocyanin–alginate composite |
| topic | T Technology (General) TP1080 Polymers, plastics and their manufacture TP248.13 Biotechnology TS Manufactures |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/1/81891_Development%20of%20Biodegradable%20Cosmetic%20Patch%20Using%20a%20Polylactic%20Acid.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/81891/7/81891_Development%20of%20biodegradable%20cosmetic%20patch%20using%20a%20polylactic%20acid_SCOPUS.pdf |