Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization
Background: Analgesic is commonly used in children but little is known about its patterns of utilization. This study explored the patterns of analgesic prescribing in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used prescription databases of tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2020
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/1/zin_children%20prescribing.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848789169042620416 |
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| author | Zin, Che Suraya |
| author_facet | Zin, Che Suraya |
| author_sort | Zin, Che Suraya |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Analgesic is commonly used in children but little is known
about its patterns of utilization. This study explored the patterns of analgesic prescribing in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used prescription databases of tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia from 2010 to 2016. Prescriptions for nine NSAIDs (diclofenac, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, celecoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, and naproxen), tramadol, and five other opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, and dihydrocodeine) prescribed for children aged <18 years were included. Number of annual patients and prescriptions were measured and analyzed using Stata v15. Results: During a 7-year study period, a total of 5040 analgesic prescriptions of the nine NSAIDs, tramadol, and five other opioids were prescribed for 2460 pediatric patients (81.8% NSAIDs patients, 17.9% tramadol patients, and 0.3% opioid patients). Ibuprofen was the primary analgesic in young children less than 12 years old (≤2 years old [y.o.] [75%], 3–5 y.o. [85%], and 6–12 y.o. [56.3%]). However, there was a wide range of analgesics used in older children (>12 y.o.) with the majority for naproxen (13–15 y.o. (28.2%) and 16–17 y.o. (28.2%). Other frequently prescribed analgesics for older children included ibuprofen (20.6%) and diclofenac (18.2%) for 12–15 y.o. and diclofenac (26.7%) and tramadol (17.6%) for 16–17 y.o. Conclusion: Ibuprofen was the primary analgesic for children less
than 12 y.o., whereas there was a wide range of analgesics prescribed for children age >12 y.o. including naproxen, diclofenac, and tramadol. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:52:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-81697 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:52:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-816972020-12-29T01:57:23Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/ Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization Zin, Che Suraya RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Background: Analgesic is commonly used in children but little is known about its patterns of utilization. This study explored the patterns of analgesic prescribing in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used prescription databases of tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia from 2010 to 2016. Prescriptions for nine NSAIDs (diclofenac, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, celecoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, and naproxen), tramadol, and five other opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, and dihydrocodeine) prescribed for children aged <18 years were included. Number of annual patients and prescriptions were measured and analyzed using Stata v15. Results: During a 7-year study period, a total of 5040 analgesic prescriptions of the nine NSAIDs, tramadol, and five other opioids were prescribed for 2460 pediatric patients (81.8% NSAIDs patients, 17.9% tramadol patients, and 0.3% opioid patients). Ibuprofen was the primary analgesic in young children less than 12 years old (≤2 years old [y.o.] [75%], 3–5 y.o. [85%], and 6–12 y.o. [56.3%]). However, there was a wide range of analgesics used in older children (>12 y.o.) with the majority for naproxen (13–15 y.o. (28.2%) and 16–17 y.o. (28.2%). Other frequently prescribed analgesics for older children included ibuprofen (20.6%) and diclofenac (18.2%) for 12–15 y.o. and diclofenac (26.7%) and tramadol (17.6%) for 16–17 y.o. Conclusion: Ibuprofen was the primary analgesic for children less than 12 y.o., whereas there was a wide range of analgesics prescribed for children age >12 y.o. including naproxen, diclofenac, and tramadol. Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2020 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/1/zin_children%20prescribing.pdf Zin, Che Suraya (2020) Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 12 (6). pp. 841-845. ISSN 0976-4879 E-ISSN 0975-7406 https://www.jpbsonline.org/text.asp?2020/12/6/841/299979 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_251_19 |
| spellingShingle | RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Zin, Che Suraya Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization |
| title | Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization |
| title_full | Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization |
| title_fullStr | Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization |
| title_short | Prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: Patterns of its utilization |
| title_sort | prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and opioids in children: patterns of its utilization |
| topic | RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/81697/1/zin_children%20prescribing.pdf |