Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare
Quantitative research methods give emphasis to numerical analysis of data collected through questionnaire instrument, which has to be structured for organized surveys. In specific, one of the key validity and reliability issues with quantitative questionnaires is whether the researcher is actually...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Science International
2017
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/1/Reliability%20and%20Validity%20of%20a%20Questionnaire%20for%20Emperical%20Analysis%20of%20Factors%20influencing%20IoT%20based%20smart%20healthcare.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848787392737050624 |
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| author | Ali Solangi, Zulfiqar Sheikh Abdul Aziz, Madihah Hamzah, Mohd Syarqawy Shah, Asadullah |
| author_facet | Ali Solangi, Zulfiqar Sheikh Abdul Aziz, Madihah Hamzah, Mohd Syarqawy Shah, Asadullah |
| author_sort | Ali Solangi, Zulfiqar |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Quantitative research methods give emphasis to numerical analysis of data collected through questionnaire instrument, which
has to be structured for organized surveys. In specific, one of the key validity and reliability issues with quantitative questionnaires is
whether the researcher is actually measuring what he/she hopes to assess. Alternatively, then again put another way, are the respondents
considering similar things the specialist is the pointing at which they answer the inquiries. Enquiring how the respondents react to draft set
of questions will help the researcher interpret whether or not those questions will serve his/her purposes. Validity and reliability are twofold
of the most important characteristics of a good research instrument. However, the point of the investigation ponder was to create and survey the validity and reliability of an instrument to empirically analyze the factors influencing IoT-based smart healthcare adoption in Pakistan. In order to understand technological and clinical context the proposed research model of this study was a synthesis of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), along with trust and doctor-patient relation external factors
were adopted from qualitative literature to measure individual and patients’ perspective about IoT-based smart healthcare system. The
researcher employed principal component analysis method with varimax rotation technique to get the total variance explained and analyze the discriminating validity of the constructs used in this research study. Cronbach’s α coefficient reliability statistical technique was appliedto measure the internal consistency of each factor in this research study. All constructs were observed with average variance extracted (AVE) above cutoff value 0.5 and construct reliability (CR) above 0.7 estimates validating all the constructs. The most of the factors loaded in a significant range of 0.60 to 0.98 with no cross-loading scores proved excellent discriminant validity. Likewise, all factors average reliability calculated 0.822 score-using Cronbach’s α coefficient. The study conducted the results of validity and reliability of the incorporated model constructed instrument for empirical analysis of factors influencing the IoT-based smart healthcare adoption. The findings showed the questionnaire was feasible with high reliability and validity |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:24:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-71061 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:24:12Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Science International |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-710612021-01-12T00:43:50Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/ Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare Ali Solangi, Zulfiqar Sheikh Abdul Aziz, Madihah Hamzah, Mohd Syarqawy Shah, Asadullah T Technology (General) Quantitative research methods give emphasis to numerical analysis of data collected through questionnaire instrument, which has to be structured for organized surveys. In specific, one of the key validity and reliability issues with quantitative questionnaires is whether the researcher is actually measuring what he/she hopes to assess. Alternatively, then again put another way, are the respondents considering similar things the specialist is the pointing at which they answer the inquiries. Enquiring how the respondents react to draft set of questions will help the researcher interpret whether or not those questions will serve his/her purposes. Validity and reliability are twofold of the most important characteristics of a good research instrument. However, the point of the investigation ponder was to create and survey the validity and reliability of an instrument to empirically analyze the factors influencing IoT-based smart healthcare adoption in Pakistan. In order to understand technological and clinical context the proposed research model of this study was a synthesis of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), along with trust and doctor-patient relation external factors were adopted from qualitative literature to measure individual and patients’ perspective about IoT-based smart healthcare system. The researcher employed principal component analysis method with varimax rotation technique to get the total variance explained and analyze the discriminating validity of the constructs used in this research study. Cronbach’s α coefficient reliability statistical technique was appliedto measure the internal consistency of each factor in this research study. All constructs were observed with average variance extracted (AVE) above cutoff value 0.5 and construct reliability (CR) above 0.7 estimates validating all the constructs. The most of the factors loaded in a significant range of 0.60 to 0.98 with no cross-loading scores proved excellent discriminant validity. Likewise, all factors average reliability calculated 0.822 score-using Cronbach’s α coefficient. The study conducted the results of validity and reliability of the incorporated model constructed instrument for empirical analysis of factors influencing the IoT-based smart healthcare adoption. The findings showed the questionnaire was feasible with high reliability and validity Science International 2017-11 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/1/Reliability%20and%20Validity%20of%20a%20Questionnaire%20for%20Emperical%20Analysis%20of%20Factors%20influencing%20IoT%20based%20smart%20healthcare.pdf Ali Solangi, Zulfiqar and Sheikh Abdul Aziz, Madihah and Hamzah, Mohd Syarqawy and Shah, Asadullah (2017) Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare. Science International, 29 (6 Section B (November-December)). pp. 1201-1206. ISSN 1013-5316 http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/636491913639710334.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) Ali Solangi, Zulfiqar Sheikh Abdul Aziz, Madihah Hamzah, Mohd Syarqawy Shah, Asadullah Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare |
| title | Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare |
| title_full | Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare |
| title_fullStr | Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare |
| title_short | Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing IOT-based smart healthcare |
| title_sort | reliability and validity of a questionnaire for empirical analysis of factors influencing iot-based smart healthcare |
| topic | T Technology (General) |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/71061/1/Reliability%20and%20Validity%20of%20a%20Questionnaire%20for%20Emperical%20Analysis%20of%20Factors%20influencing%20IoT%20based%20smart%20healthcare.pdf |