Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters
Developing an efficient, well-controlled synthesis strategy for gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) is crucial for delivering their expected applications in many fields; and such development requires fundamental understandings on the synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of Au NCs typically consists of a pair o...
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American Chemical Society
2017
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/1/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/2/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/3/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_WOS.pdf |
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| author | Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping |
| author_facet | Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping |
| author_sort | Chen, Tiankai |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Developing an efficient, well-controlled synthesis strategy for gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) is crucial for delivering their expected applications in many fields; and such development requires fundamental understandings on the synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of Au NCs typically consists of a pair of reversible reactions: a fast reduction-growth reaction and a slow size-focusing reaction. Here we demonstrate that the above two reactions can be well-balanced while accelerated in a heated synthesis protocol, thus providing an efficient and scalable synthesis method to obtain thermodynamically favorable Au25(SR)18 NCs (SR denotes thiolate ligand) with high yield (>95% on gold atom basis) and fast kinetics. By investigating the Au NC formation behavior at different temperature, we identified the endothermic nature of the reductive formation of Au25(SR)18 NCs from Au(I)-thiolate complex precursors. More interestingly, if overheated, after the formation of Au25(SR)18, there exists an irreversible first-order reaction, which could transform Au25(SR)18 into Au NCs of mixed sizes. As a result, 40 °C is identified as the optimal temperature to synthesize Au25(SR)18 in aqueous solution, as the half-life of the transformation reaction (67.8 h) is much longer than the time needed to obtain high yield Au25(SR)18. The detailed understandings on the temperature effects of Au NC synthesis would facilitate the development of efficient synthesis strategies for atomically precise Au NCs with predesigned size, composition and structure. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:19:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-69309 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
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| language | English English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:19:27Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | American Chemical Society |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-693092019-06-19T02:59:43Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering Developing an efficient, well-controlled synthesis strategy for gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) is crucial for delivering their expected applications in many fields; and such development requires fundamental understandings on the synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of Au NCs typically consists of a pair of reversible reactions: a fast reduction-growth reaction and a slow size-focusing reaction. Here we demonstrate that the above two reactions can be well-balanced while accelerated in a heated synthesis protocol, thus providing an efficient and scalable synthesis method to obtain thermodynamically favorable Au25(SR)18 NCs (SR denotes thiolate ligand) with high yield (>95% on gold atom basis) and fast kinetics. By investigating the Au NC formation behavior at different temperature, we identified the endothermic nature of the reductive formation of Au25(SR)18 NCs from Au(I)-thiolate complex precursors. More interestingly, if overheated, after the formation of Au25(SR)18, there exists an irreversible first-order reaction, which could transform Au25(SR)18 into Au NCs of mixed sizes. As a result, 40 °C is identified as the optimal temperature to synthesize Au25(SR)18 in aqueous solution, as the half-life of the transformation reaction (67.8 h) is much longer than the time needed to obtain high yield Au25(SR)18. The detailed understandings on the temperature effects of Au NC synthesis would facilitate the development of efficient synthesis strategies for atomically precise Au NCs with predesigned size, composition and structure. American Chemical Society 2017 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/1/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/2/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_SCOPUS.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/3/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_WOS.pdf Chen, Tiankai and Yao, Qiaofeng and Yuan, Xun and Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman and Xie, Jianping (2017) Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121 (20). pp. 10743-10751. ISSN 1932-7447 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10847 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10847 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering Chen, Tiankai Yao, Qiaofeng Yuan, Xun Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman Xie, Jianping Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| title | Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| title_full | Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| title_fullStr | Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| title_short | Heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| title_sort | heating or cooling: temperature effects on the synthesis of atomically precise gold nanoclusters |
| topic | QD Chemistry TP155 Chemical engineering |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/1/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/2/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_SCOPUS.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/69309/3/69309_Heating%20or%20Cooling_WOS.pdf |