Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread
Introduction: Extracapsular spread (ECS) is one of the most important prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH) is a lysosomal enzyme which is involved in folate homeostasis. It is overexpressed in several human malignancies but its role in OSCC has ne...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia
2017
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/1/Expression%20of%20GGH%20and%20CA9%20in%20OSCC%20and%20their%20association%20with%20Extracapsular%20Spread.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848786638260404224 |
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| author | Burhanudin, Nor Aszlitah Kallarakkal, Thomas George |
| author_facet | Burhanudin, Nor Aszlitah Kallarakkal, Thomas George |
| author_sort | Burhanudin, Nor Aszlitah |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Introduction: Extracapsular spread (ECS) is one of the most important prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH) is a lysosomal enzyme which is involved in folate homeostasis. It is overexpressed in several human malignancies but its role in OSCC has never been reported. Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and is related to hypoxia. High expression of CA9 has been associated with poor prognosis in several tumours including OSCC. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of GGH and CA9 in OSCC and their potential use as biomarkers to predict ECS. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining with GGH and CA9 markers were performed in 35 cases of OSCC (19 with ECS and 16 without ECS) and 5 cases of normal mucosa. A semi-quantative index was used for immunoscoring. Association between the expression of these markers and ECS status were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: Immunohistochemical results indicated that GGH and CA9 were upregulated in OSCC. High GGH and CA9 expression were significantly associated with ECS (p<0.05). Combination of GGH and CA9 showed greater prognostic accuracy as compared to the individual markers. Conclusion(s): Both separately and in combination GGH and CA9 offer potential as prognostic biomarkers in OSCC and was thus reliable in segregating the OSCC cases based on ECS status. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:12:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-66746 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:12:13Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-667462018-10-22T01:15:01Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/ Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread Burhanudin, Nor Aszlitah Kallarakkal, Thomas George RK318 Oral and Dental Medicine. Pathology. Diseases-Therapeutics-General Works Introduction: Extracapsular spread (ECS) is one of the most important prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH) is a lysosomal enzyme which is involved in folate homeostasis. It is overexpressed in several human malignancies but its role in OSCC has never been reported. Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and is related to hypoxia. High expression of CA9 has been associated with poor prognosis in several tumours including OSCC. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of GGH and CA9 in OSCC and their potential use as biomarkers to predict ECS. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining with GGH and CA9 markers were performed in 35 cases of OSCC (19 with ECS and 16 without ECS) and 5 cases of normal mucosa. A semi-quantative index was used for immunoscoring. Association between the expression of these markers and ECS status were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: Immunohistochemical results indicated that GGH and CA9 were upregulated in OSCC. High GGH and CA9 expression were significantly associated with ECS (p<0.05). Combination of GGH and CA9 showed greater prognostic accuracy as compared to the individual markers. Conclusion(s): Both separately and in combination GGH and CA9 offer potential as prognostic biomarkers in OSCC and was thus reliable in segregating the OSCC cases based on ECS status. Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia 2017-11 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/1/Expression%20of%20GGH%20and%20CA9%20in%20OSCC%20and%20their%20association%20with%20Extracapsular%20Spread.pdf Burhanudin, Nor Aszlitah and Kallarakkal, Thomas George (2017) Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread. International Medical Journal of Malaysia, 16 (Supplementary Issus no 2). p. 1. E-ISSN 1823-4631 http://iiumedic.net/imjm/v1/download/Volume%2016%20No%201%20Supp%202/ID19_IMJM-Vol16-Supp2.pdf |
| spellingShingle | RK318 Oral and Dental Medicine. Pathology. Diseases-Therapeutics-General Works Burhanudin, Nor Aszlitah Kallarakkal, Thomas George Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| title | Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| title_full | Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| title_fullStr | Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| title_short | Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| title_sort | expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread |
| topic | RK318 Oral and Dental Medicine. Pathology. Diseases-Therapeutics-General Works |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/66746/1/Expression%20of%20GGH%20and%20CA9%20in%20OSCC%20and%20their%20association%20with%20Extracapsular%20Spread.pdf |