Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent
Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the most abundant residues of the palm oil mill industry. Most of it left unused and being disposed to the landfill. Discharging the huge volume of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in a sanitary landfill will not only occupy a great deal of land but also conveys an inherent...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia
2017
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/1/65780_Powdered%20activated%20carbon%20for%20removal%20of%20phenol%20and%20treatment%20of%20palm%20oil%20mill%20final%20effluent.pdf |
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| author | Ashraf, Qazi Mamoon Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Alam, Md Zahangir Muyibi, Suleyman Aremu Ameen, Emad S.M. Olanrewaju, Rashidah Funke |
| author_facet | Ashraf, Qazi Mamoon Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Alam, Md Zahangir Muyibi, Suleyman Aremu Ameen, Emad S.M. Olanrewaju, Rashidah Funke |
| author_sort | Ashraf, Qazi Mamoon |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the most abundant residues of the palm oil mill industry. Most of it left unused and being disposed to the landfill. Discharging the huge volume of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in a sanitary landfill will not only occupy a great deal of land but also conveys an inherent potential for pollution of indigenous water resources. Moreover, palm oil processing requires large quantities of water results in palm oil mill effluent, which contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds. Thus, it must be managed with extreme care to avoid adverse environmental or human health impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and the potential of converting palm oil industrial residue namely empty fruit bunch (EFB) into activated carbon. Powdered activated carbon samples were produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) by varying the operating parameters of temperatures, CO2 gas flow rates and activation times using 2-level full factorial experimental design. The prepared EFB samples were carbonized for 30 minutes using nitrogen gas, followed by activation with CO2 gas. The optimum preparation conditions for PAC samples produced were investigated through adsorption tests on an aqueous solution of phenol. Characterizations of the best quality AC sample prepared and the optimum conditions for adsorption of phenol were determined. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, as well as pseudo first order and second order adsorption kinetics models on prepared AC were studied. Finally, evaluation of the adsorption efficiency of the EFB based-AC was investigated in palm oil mill final effluent (POMFE) using a bench-scale model. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:09:11Z |
| format | Book |
| id | iium-65780 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T17:09:11Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-657802022-09-26T06:46:41Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/ Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent Ashraf, Qazi Mamoon Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Alam, Md Zahangir Muyibi, Suleyman Aremu Ameen, Emad S.M. Olanrewaju, Rashidah Funke TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the most abundant residues of the palm oil mill industry. Most of it left unused and being disposed to the landfill. Discharging the huge volume of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in a sanitary landfill will not only occupy a great deal of land but also conveys an inherent potential for pollution of indigenous water resources. Moreover, palm oil processing requires large quantities of water results in palm oil mill effluent, which contains a high concentration of phenolic compounds. Thus, it must be managed with extreme care to avoid adverse environmental or human health impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and the potential of converting palm oil industrial residue namely empty fruit bunch (EFB) into activated carbon. Powdered activated carbon samples were produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) by varying the operating parameters of temperatures, CO2 gas flow rates and activation times using 2-level full factorial experimental design. The prepared EFB samples were carbonized for 30 minutes using nitrogen gas, followed by activation with CO2 gas. The optimum preparation conditions for PAC samples produced were investigated through adsorption tests on an aqueous solution of phenol. Characterizations of the best quality AC sample prepared and the optimum conditions for adsorption of phenol were determined. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, as well as pseudo first order and second order adsorption kinetics models on prepared AC were studied. Finally, evaluation of the adsorption efficiency of the EFB based-AC was investigated in palm oil mill final effluent (POMFE) using a bench-scale model. IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia 2017 Book PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/1/65780_Powdered%20activated%20carbon%20for%20removal%20of%20phenol%20and%20treatment%20of%20palm%20oil%20mill%20final%20effluent.pdf Ashraf, Qazi Mamoon and Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed and Alam, Md Zahangir and Muyibi, Suleyman Aremu and Ameen, Emad S.M. and Olanrewaju, Rashidah Funke (2017) Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent. IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-418-489-6 http://iiumpress.iium.edu.my/bookshop |
| spellingShingle | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Ashraf, Qazi Mamoon Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Alam, Md Zahangir Muyibi, Suleyman Aremu Ameen, Emad S.M. Olanrewaju, Rashidah Funke Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| title | Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| title_full | Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| title_fullStr | Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| title_short | Powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| title_sort | powdered activated carbon for removal of phenol and treatment of palm oil mill final effluent |
| topic | TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/65780/1/65780_Powdered%20activated%20carbon%20for%20removal%20of%20phenol%20and%20treatment%20of%20palm%20oil%20mill%20final%20effluent.pdf |