Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis
Nowadays, image manipulation is common due to the availability of image processing software, such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP. The original image captured by digital camera or smartphone normally is saved in the JPEG format due to its popularity. JPEG algorithm works on image grids, compressed indepe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
2017
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/7/58371-Development%20of%20Photo%20Forensics%20Algorithm.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/8/58371-Development%20of%20Photo%20Forensics%20Algorithm_SCOPUS.pdf |
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| author | Gunawan, Teddy Surya Mohammad Hanafiah, Siti Amalina Kartiwi, Mira Ismail, Nanang Za'bah, Nor Farahidah Nordin, Anis Nurashikin |
| author_facet | Gunawan, Teddy Surya Mohammad Hanafiah, Siti Amalina Kartiwi, Mira Ismail, Nanang Za'bah, Nor Farahidah Nordin, Anis Nurashikin |
| author_sort | Gunawan, Teddy Surya |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Nowadays, image manipulation is common due to the availability of image processing software, such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP. The original image captured by digital camera or smartphone normally is saved in the JPEG format due to its popularity. JPEG algorithm works on image grids, compressed independently, having size of 8x8 pixels. For unmodified image, all 8x8 grids should have a similar error level. For resaving operation, each block should degrade at approximately the same rate due to the introduction of similar amount of errors across the entire image. For modified image, the altered blocks should have higher error potential compred to the remaining part of the image. The objective of this paper is to develop a photo forensics algorithm which can detect any photo manipulation. The error level analysis (ELA) was further enhanced using vertical and horizontal histograms of ELA image to pinpoint the exact location of modification. Results showed that our proposed algorithm could identify successfully the modified image as well as showing the exact location of modifications. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:47:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-58371 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-583712018-04-18T03:07:05Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/ Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis Gunawan, Teddy Surya Mohammad Hanafiah, Siti Amalina Kartiwi, Mira Ismail, Nanang Za'bah, Nor Farahidah Nordin, Anis Nurashikin TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Nowadays, image manipulation is common due to the availability of image processing software, such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP. The original image captured by digital camera or smartphone normally is saved in the JPEG format due to its popularity. JPEG algorithm works on image grids, compressed independently, having size of 8x8 pixels. For unmodified image, all 8x8 grids should have a similar error level. For resaving operation, each block should degrade at approximately the same rate due to the introduction of similar amount of errors across the entire image. For modified image, the altered blocks should have higher error potential compred to the remaining part of the image. The objective of this paper is to develop a photo forensics algorithm which can detect any photo manipulation. The error level analysis (ELA) was further enhanced using vertical and horizontal histograms of ELA image to pinpoint the exact location of modification. Results showed that our proposed algorithm could identify successfully the modified image as well as showing the exact location of modifications. Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science 2017-07 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/7/58371-Development%20of%20Photo%20Forensics%20Algorithm.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/8/58371-Development%20of%20Photo%20Forensics%20Algorithm_SCOPUS.pdf Gunawan, Teddy Surya and Mohammad Hanafiah, Siti Amalina and Kartiwi, Mira and Ismail, Nanang and Za'bah, Nor Farahidah and Nordin, Anis Nurashikin (2017) Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 7 (1). pp. 131-137. ISSN 2502-4752 E-ISSN 2502-4760 http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJEECS/article/view/16162 |
| spellingShingle | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Gunawan, Teddy Surya Mohammad Hanafiah, Siti Amalina Kartiwi, Mira Ismail, Nanang Za'bah, Nor Farahidah Nordin, Anis Nurashikin Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| title | Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| title_full | Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| title_fullStr | Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| title_short | Development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| title_sort | development of photo forensics algorithm by detecting photoshop manipulation using error level analysis |
| topic | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/7/58371-Development%20of%20Photo%20Forensics%20Algorithm.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/58371/8/58371-Development%20of%20Photo%20Forensics%20Algorithm_SCOPUS.pdf |