Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry
Abstract Background: Traditional medicine mainly of herbal origin is widely used all around the world. Heavy metal contamination in such products is frequently reported. Accumulation of heavy metals in the human body leads to various health hazards. Thus, precise determination for such contaminan...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2016
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/1/Comparative_study_of_three_digestion_methods.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848783456825245696 |
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| author | Helal Uddin, A.B.M. Khalid, Reem Saadi Alaama, Mohammed M. Abdualkader, Abdualrahman Kasmuri, Abdul Razak Abbas, S.A. |
| author_facet | Helal Uddin, A.B.M. Khalid, Reem Saadi Alaama, Mohammed M. Abdualkader, Abdualrahman Kasmuri, Abdul Razak Abbas, S.A. |
| author_sort | Helal Uddin, A.B.M. |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Abstract
Background: Traditional medicine mainly of herbal origin is widely used all around the world. Heavy metal
contamination in such products is frequently reported. Accumulation of heavy metals in the human body leads to
various health hazards. Thus, precise determination for such contaminants is required for safety assurance. Sample
preparation is a significant step in spectroscopic analysis to achieve reliable and accurate results. Wet digestion
methods are basically used for the dissolution of herbal product samples prior to elemental analysis.
Methods: This study has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of three acid digestion methods using different
solvents. Five samples were digested with three different acid digestion methods namely method A (a combination of
nitric-perchloric acids HNO 3 – HClO 4 in a ratio 2:1), method B (only nitric acid HNO 3 ), and method C (a mixture of nitric-
hydrochloric acids HNO 3 – HCl in a ratio 1:3), to recommend the most efficient digestion method that gains the highest
analyte recovery. The analysis of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) was conducted
using various techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
Results: The statistical analysis revealed that method C which represented the combination of nitric-hydrochloric acids
HNO 3 – HCl in a ratio 1:3 was the most efficient digestion method for herbal product samples as it had given a significant
high recovery ( p < 0.05) for all metals compared to method A and method B. Accuracy of the proposed method was
evaluated by the analysis of standard reference material (SRM) 1515 Apple Leaves from the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) which presented good recoveries for all metals ranging from 94.5 to 108 %.
Conclusion: Method C provides highest recovery for all the analytes under investigation using AAS in herbal medicine
samples.
Keywords: Traditional medicine, Acid digestion, Heavy metals, Nitric acid |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:21:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-49432 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:21:39Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-494322022-11-07T03:18:36Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/ Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry Helal Uddin, A.B.M. Khalid, Reem Saadi Alaama, Mohammed M. Abdualkader, Abdualrahman Kasmuri, Abdul Razak Abbas, S.A. QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica Abstract Background: Traditional medicine mainly of herbal origin is widely used all around the world. Heavy metal contamination in such products is frequently reported. Accumulation of heavy metals in the human body leads to various health hazards. Thus, precise determination for such contaminants is required for safety assurance. Sample preparation is a significant step in spectroscopic analysis to achieve reliable and accurate results. Wet digestion methods are basically used for the dissolution of herbal product samples prior to elemental analysis. Methods: This study has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of three acid digestion methods using different solvents. Five samples were digested with three different acid digestion methods namely method A (a combination of nitric-perchloric acids HNO 3 – HClO 4 in a ratio 2:1), method B (only nitric acid HNO 3 ), and method C (a mixture of nitric- hydrochloric acids HNO 3 – HCl in a ratio 1:3), to recommend the most efficient digestion method that gains the highest analyte recovery. The analysis of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) was conducted using various techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: The statistical analysis revealed that method C which represented the combination of nitric-hydrochloric acids HNO 3 – HCl in a ratio 1:3 was the most efficient digestion method for herbal product samples as it had given a significant high recovery ( p < 0.05) for all metals compared to method A and method B. Accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by the analysis of standard reference material (SRM) 1515 Apple Leaves from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which presented good recoveries for all metals ranging from 94.5 to 108 %. Conclusion: Method C provides highest recovery for all the analytes under investigation using AAS in herbal medicine samples. Keywords: Traditional medicine, Acid digestion, Heavy metals, Nitric acid Springer 2016-01-30 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/1/Comparative_study_of_three_digestion_methods.pdf Helal Uddin, A.B.M. and Khalid, Reem Saadi and Alaama, Mohammed and M. Abdualkader, Abdualrahman and Kasmuri, Abdul Razak and Abbas, S.A. (2016) Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 7 (6). pp. 1-7. ISSN 2093-3371 http://www.jast-journal.com/content/7/1/6 10.1186/s40543-016-0085-6 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica Helal Uddin, A.B.M. Khalid, Reem Saadi Alaama, Mohammed M. Abdualkader, Abdualrahman Kasmuri, Abdul Razak Abbas, S.A. Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| title | Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| title_full | Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| title_short | Comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| title_sort | comparative study of three digestion methods for elemental analysis in traditional medicine products using atomic absorption spectrometry |
| topic | QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/49432/1/Comparative_study_of_three_digestion_methods.pdf |