A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria
This study examines a measurement invariance of a second-order factor models of financial exclusion among micro-entrepreneurs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data elicited via a survey questionnaire was analysed using both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and Amos 20.0 softwa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (I A C S I T)
2013
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/1/46488_-_a_second-order_factor.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848782979539664896 |
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| author | Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi |
| author_facet | Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi |
| author_sort | Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study examines a measurement invariance of a second-order factor models of financial exclusion among micro-entrepreneurs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data elicited via a survey questionnaire was analysed using both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and Amos 20.0 software. The study revealed that financial exclusion as a second order factor is indicated by debt phobia, religion, financial complacency, and affordability and eligibility first order factors. Measurement invariance was tested based on gender via a set of hierarchically structured levels: a) configural invariance, b) metric invariance of both the firstorder and second-order models, c) intercepts of both the firstorder and second-order models, and d) residuals of both the first-order and second-order models. The groups were found to be invariant across the models. Moreover, based on t-test at alpha of 0.001, the latent mean difference tests of the second order model indicates no statistically significant difference on a path by path basis along gender divides. This provides a further questioning on the focus on women of financial inclusion programmes |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:14:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-46488 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:14:04Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (I A C S I T) |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-464882016-07-20T01:12:59Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi HA Statistics HG Finance HG3691 Credit This study examines a measurement invariance of a second-order factor models of financial exclusion among micro-entrepreneurs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Data elicited via a survey questionnaire was analysed using both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and Amos 20.0 software. The study revealed that financial exclusion as a second order factor is indicated by debt phobia, religion, financial complacency, and affordability and eligibility first order factors. Measurement invariance was tested based on gender via a set of hierarchically structured levels: a) configural invariance, b) metric invariance of both the firstorder and second-order models, c) intercepts of both the firstorder and second-order models, and d) residuals of both the first-order and second-order models. The groups were found to be invariant across the models. Moreover, based on t-test at alpha of 0.001, the latent mean difference tests of the second order model indicates no statistically significant difference on a path by path basis along gender divides. This provides a further questioning on the focus on women of financial inclusion programmes International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (I A C S I T) 2013-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/1/46488_-_a_second-order_factor.pdf Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi (2013) A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4 (6). pp. 398-402. ISSN 2010-023X http://www.ijtef.org/papers/325-B10026.pdf 10.7763/IJTEF.2013.V4.325 |
| spellingShingle | HA Statistics HG Finance HG3691 Credit Adewale, Abideen Adeyemi A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria |
| title | A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_full | A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_short | A second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_sort | second-order factor gender-measurement invariance analysis of financial exclusion in ilorin, nigeria |
| topic | HA Statistics HG Finance HG3691 Credit |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/46488/1/46488_-_a_second-order_factor.pdf |