E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new paradigm which offers a viable solution to deal with the spectrum shortage problem and enhance the spectrum utilization. In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), data routing is one of the most challenging tasks due to frequent topology changes and intermittent conn...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Proceeding Paper |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/1/45929.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/4/45929_E-D2CARP_Scopus.pdf |
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| author | Che-Aron, Zamree Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Hassan, Wan Haslina Abdullah, Khaizuran Rahman, Muhammad ArafatuR |
| author_facet | Che-Aron, Zamree Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Hassan, Wan Haslina Abdullah, Khaizuran Rahman, Muhammad ArafatuR |
| author_sort | Che-Aron, Zamree |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new paradigm which offers a viable solution to deal with the spectrum shortage problem and enhance the spectrum utilization. In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), data routing is one of the most challenging tasks due to frequent topology changes and intermittent connectivity caused by the activity of Primary Users (PUs). This paper proposes a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for CRAHNs, referred to the Enhanced Dual Diversity Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (E-D2CARP). The Expected Path Delay (EPD) routing metric used in the protocol for path decision is also introduced. The protocol utilizes the joint path and spectrum diversity and circumvents the PU regions during path establishment phase in order to make the transmission path less vulnerable to the impact of PU activities and provide efficient route recovery in presence of path failures resulting from PU activities. The performance evaluations are conducted through simulations using the NS-2 simulator. Simulation results obviously demonstrate that the E-D2CARP can achieve better performance in terms of average throughput, packet loss, average end-to-end delay, and average jitter as compared to the recently proposed D2CARP protocol in identical scenarios. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:12:23Z |
| format | Proceeding Paper |
| id | iium-45929 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:12:23Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-459292017-09-21T10:25:51Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/ E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks Che-Aron, Zamree Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Hassan, Wan Haslina Abdullah, Khaizuran Rahman, Muhammad ArafatuR TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new paradigm which offers a viable solution to deal with the spectrum shortage problem and enhance the spectrum utilization. In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), data routing is one of the most challenging tasks due to frequent topology changes and intermittent connectivity caused by the activity of Primary Users (PUs). This paper proposes a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for CRAHNs, referred to the Enhanced Dual Diversity Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (E-D2CARP). The Expected Path Delay (EPD) routing metric used in the protocol for path decision is also introduced. The protocol utilizes the joint path and spectrum diversity and circumvents the PU regions during path establishment phase in order to make the transmission path less vulnerable to the impact of PU activities and provide efficient route recovery in presence of path failures resulting from PU activities. The performance evaluations are conducted through simulations using the NS-2 simulator. Simulation results obviously demonstrate that the E-D2CARP can achieve better performance in terms of average throughput, packet loss, average end-to-end delay, and average jitter as compared to the recently proposed D2CARP protocol in identical scenarios. IEEE 2014 Proceeding Paper PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/1/45929.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/4/45929_E-D2CARP_Scopus.pdf Che-Aron, Zamree and Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha and Hassan, Wan Haslina and Abdullah, Khaizuran and Rahman, Muhammad ArafatuR (2014) E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In: 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT 2014), 24th-26th Nov. 2014, Langkawi Island. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7238173&tag=1 doi:10.1109/ISTT.2014.7238173 |
| spellingShingle | TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television Che-Aron, Zamree Hassan Abdalla Hashim, Aisha Hassan, Wan Haslina Abdullah, Khaizuran Rahman, Muhammad ArafatuR E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| title | E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| title_full | E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| title_fullStr | E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| title_short | E-D2CARP: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| title_sort | e-d2carp: a joint path and spectrum diversity based routing protocol with an optimized path selection for cognitive radio ad hoc networks |
| topic | TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/1/45929.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/45929/4/45929_E-D2CARP_Scopus.pdf |