Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections
Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the car...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book Chapter |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer International Publishing
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/3/Spread_-Spectrum-Audio_Fulltext.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848782493902176256 |
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| author | Abubakar, Adamu Zeki, Akram M. Chiroma, Haruna Abdullahi Muaz, Sanah Sari, Eka Novita Herawan, Tutut |
| author_facet | Abubakar, Adamu Zeki, Akram M. Chiroma, Haruna Abdullahi Muaz, Sanah Sari, Eka Novita Herawan, Tutut |
| author_sort | Abubakar, Adamu |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the carrier medium. Unfortunately, there is a high possibility that synchronization of the watermark bits and carrier bits will go out of phase. This will lead to watermark detection problem in the carrier bit sequence. In this paper, we propose a vector space projections approach on spread spectrum audio watermarking technique, in order to presents both the watermark bits and carrier bits as vectors. Similarities of watermark vector to a carrier vector are resolve by the normalized dot product of the cosine of angle between them for embedding. After embedding and extraction by the technique, signal processing methods in the form of attacks were applied. Our approach proved robust when compared with other audio watermarking techniques. This technique gives good results and was found to be robust on performance test. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:06:20Z |
| format | Book Chapter |
| id | iium-43721 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T16:06:20Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Springer International Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-437212016-07-26T23:45:49Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/ Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections Abubakar, Adamu Zeki, Akram M. Chiroma, Haruna Abdullahi Muaz, Sanah Sari, Eka Novita Herawan, Tutut T Technology (General) Efficient watermarking techniques guarantee inaudibility and robustness against signal degradation. Spread spectrum watermarking technique makes it harder for unauthorized adversary to detect the position of the embedded watermark in the carrier file, because the watermark bits are spread in the carrier medium. Unfortunately, there is a high possibility that synchronization of the watermark bits and carrier bits will go out of phase. This will lead to watermark detection problem in the carrier bit sequence. In this paper, we propose a vector space projections approach on spread spectrum audio watermarking technique, in order to presents both the watermark bits and carrier bits as vectors. Similarities of watermark vector to a carrier vector are resolve by the normalized dot product of the cosine of angle between them for embedding. After embedding and extraction by the technique, signal processing methods in the form of attacks were applied. Our approach proved robust when compared with other audio watermarking techniques. This technique gives good results and was found to be robust on performance test. Springer International Publishing 2015 Book Chapter PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/3/Spread_-Spectrum-Audio_Fulltext.pdf Abubakar, Adamu and Zeki, Akram M. and Chiroma, Haruna and Abdullahi Muaz, Sanah and Sari, Eka Novita and Herawan, Tutut (2015) Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections. In: Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 297-307. ISBN 978-3-319-11218-3 10.1007/978-3-319-11218-3_28 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) Abubakar, Adamu Zeki, Akram M. Chiroma, Haruna Abdullahi Muaz, Sanah Sari, Eka Novita Herawan, Tutut Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| title | Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| title_full | Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| title_fullStr | Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| title_short | Spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| title_sort | spread spectrum audio watermarking using vector space projections |
| topic | T Technology (General) |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/43721/3/Spread_-Spectrum-Audio_Fulltext.pdf |