Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes
In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2010
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/1/Biodiesel-esterification-BITE.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848776265983590400 |
|---|---|
| author | Hayyan, Adeeb Alam, Md. Zahangir Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida Mohd Siran, Yosri Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin |
| author_facet | Hayyan, Adeeb Alam, Md. Zahangir Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida Mohd Siran, Yosri Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin |
| author_sort | Hayyan, Adeeb |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate
acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid
(FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst.
In the first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the high FFA content of SPO to less than 2%
with the different dosages of PTSA. The optimum conditions for pretreatment process by esterification
were 0.75% (w/w) dosage of PTSA to SPO, 10:1 M ratio, 60 �C temperature, 60 min reaction time and
400 rpm stirrer speed. The highest yield of biodiesel after transesterification and purification processes
was 76.62% with 0.07% FFA and 96% ester content. The biodiesel produced was favorable as compared
to EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 standard. This study shows a potential exploitation of SPO as a new feedstock
for the production of biodiesel. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T14:27:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-4069 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T14:27:21Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-40692011-10-21T07:49:54Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes Hayyan, Adeeb Alam, Md. Zahangir Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida Mohd Siran, Yosri Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin TP248.13 Biotechnology In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using an alkaline catalyst. In the first step, acid catalyzed esterification reduced the high FFA content of SPO to less than 2% with the different dosages of PTSA. The optimum conditions for pretreatment process by esterification were 0.75% (w/w) dosage of PTSA to SPO, 10:1 M ratio, 60 �C temperature, 60 min reaction time and 400 rpm stirrer speed. The highest yield of biodiesel after transesterification and purification processes was 76.62% with 0.07% FFA and 96% ester content. The biodiesel produced was favorable as compared to EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 standard. This study shows a potential exploitation of SPO as a new feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Elsevier 2010-06-11 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/1/Biodiesel-esterification-BITE.pdf Hayyan, Adeeb and Alam, Md. Zahangir and Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed and Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed and Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida and Mohd Siran, Yosri and Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin (2010) Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes. Bioresource Technology, 101 (20). pp. 7804-7811. ISSN 0960-8524 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410009016 doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.045 |
| spellingShingle | TP248.13 Biotechnology Hayyan, Adeeb Alam, Md. Zahangir Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida Mohd Siran, Yosri Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| title | Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| title_full | Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| title_fullStr | Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| title_short | Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| title_sort | sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes |
| topic | TP248.13 Biotechnology |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/1/Biodiesel-esterification-BITE.pdf |