In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand
Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effect...
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
2014
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/1/toxins-06-01036.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/4/37135_In-vitro%20neurotoxicity%20of%20two%20Malaysian.SCOPUSpdf.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848781358813413376 |
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| author | Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi Ting, Tee Yee Mustafa, Mohd Rais Othman, Iekhsan Hodgson, Wayne C. |
| author_facet | Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi Ting, Tee Yee Mustafa, Mohd Rais Othman, Iekhsan Hodgson, Wayne C. |
| author_sort | Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effectiveness of two monovalent antivenoms and a polyvalent antivenom, against the neurotoxic effects of the venoms, were examined in a skeletal muscle preparation. Both venoms caused concentration-dependent inhibition of indirect twitches, and attenuated responses to exogenous nicotinic receptor agonists, in the chick biventer preparation, with B. candidus venom being more potent than B. fasciatus venom. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis indicated different profiles between the venoms. Despite these differences, most proteins bands were recognized by all three antivenoms. Antivenom, added prior to the venoms, attenuated the neurotoxic effect of the venoms. Interestingly, the respective monovalent antivenoms did not neutralize the effects of the venom from the other Bungarus species indicating a relative absence of cross-neutralization. Addition of a high concentration of polyvalent antivenom, at the t90 time point after addition of venom, partially reversed the neurotoxicity of B. fasciatus venom but not B. candidus venom. The monovalent antivenoms had no significant effect when added at the t90 time point. This study showed that B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms display marked in vitro neurotoxicity in the chick biventer preparation and administration of antivenoms at high dose is necessary to prevent or reverse neurotoxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:48:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-37135 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:48:18Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-371352018-06-20T06:51:55Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/ In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi Ting, Tee Yee Mustafa, Mohd Rais Othman, Iekhsan Hodgson, Wayne C. RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effectiveness of two monovalent antivenoms and a polyvalent antivenom, against the neurotoxic effects of the venoms, were examined in a skeletal muscle preparation. Both venoms caused concentration-dependent inhibition of indirect twitches, and attenuated responses to exogenous nicotinic receptor agonists, in the chick biventer preparation, with B. candidus venom being more potent than B. fasciatus venom. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis indicated different profiles between the venoms. Despite these differences, most proteins bands were recognized by all three antivenoms. Antivenom, added prior to the venoms, attenuated the neurotoxic effect of the venoms. Interestingly, the respective monovalent antivenoms did not neutralize the effects of the venom from the other Bungarus species indicating a relative absence of cross-neutralization. Addition of a high concentration of polyvalent antivenom, at the t90 time point after addition of venom, partially reversed the neurotoxicity of B. fasciatus venom but not B. candidus venom. The monovalent antivenoms had no significant effect when added at the t90 time point. This study showed that B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms display marked in vitro neurotoxicity in the chick biventer preparation and administration of antivenoms at high dose is necessary to prevent or reverse neurotoxicity. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2014-03-12 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/1/toxins-06-01036.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/4/37135_In-vitro%20neurotoxicity%20of%20two%20Malaysian.SCOPUSpdf.pdf Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi and Ting, Tee Yee and Mustafa, Mohd Rais and Othman, Iekhsan and Hodgson, Wayne C. (2014) In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand. Toxins, 6 (3). pp. 1036-1048. ISSN 2072-6651 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/3/1036 10.3390/toxins6031036 |
| spellingShingle | RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology Asmad Rusmili, Muhamad Rusdi Ting, Tee Yee Mustafa, Mohd Rais Othman, Iekhsan Hodgson, Wayne C. In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand |
| title | In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand |
| title_full | In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand |
| title_fullStr | In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand |
| title_short | In-vitro neurotoxicity of two Malaysian krait species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from Thailand |
| title_sort | in-vitro neurotoxicity of two malaysian krait species (bungarus candidus and bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from thailand |
| topic | RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/1/toxins-06-01036.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/37135/4/37135_In-vitro%20neurotoxicity%20of%20two%20Malaysian.SCOPUSpdf.pdf |