Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview
Rain is a major source of attenuation for microwave propagation above 10 GHz. In tropical and equatorial regions, the rain intensity is high. Therefore, designing terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite microwave links is very critical and challenging. The raindrop-size distribution and the rain-rate dis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2013
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/1/IEEE_AP_Magazine.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848780560703422464 |
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| author | Ulaganathen, Kesavan Abdul Rahman, Tharek Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal Islam, Md Rafiqul |
| author_facet | Ulaganathen, Kesavan Abdul Rahman, Tharek Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal Islam, Md Rafiqul |
| author_sort | Ulaganathen, Kesavan |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Rain is a major source of attenuation for microwave propagation above 10 GHz. In tropical and equatorial regions, the rain intensity is high. Therefore, designing terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite microwave links is very critical and challenging. The raindrop-size distribution and the rain-rate distribution are two important parameters used for attenuation prediction. Both are proposed based on measured data and the rain-rate conversion technique. In this paper, rain attenuation was directly measured at different frequencies for terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite links, in order to investigate prediction
models. The reduction factor and frequency scaling were investigated and proposed to predict total attenuation.
Worst-month and annual statistics were also analyzed, based on measurements. Moreover, this paper summarizes all
contributions related to rain-caused attenuation for microwave propagation in Malaysia’s tropical climate. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:35:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-32431 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:35:37Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-324312025-01-22T03:21:44Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/ Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview Ulaganathen, Kesavan Abdul Rahman, Tharek Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal Islam, Md Rafiqul TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television Rain is a major source of attenuation for microwave propagation above 10 GHz. In tropical and equatorial regions, the rain intensity is high. Therefore, designing terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite microwave links is very critical and challenging. The raindrop-size distribution and the rain-rate distribution are two important parameters used for attenuation prediction. Both are proposed based on measured data and the rain-rate conversion technique. In this paper, rain attenuation was directly measured at different frequencies for terrestrial and Earth-to-satellite links, in order to investigate prediction models. The reduction factor and frequency scaling were investigated and proposed to predict total attenuation. Worst-month and annual statistics were also analyzed, based on measurements. Moreover, this paper summarizes all contributions related to rain-caused attenuation for microwave propagation in Malaysia’s tropical climate. IEEE 2013-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/1/IEEE_AP_Magazine.pdf Ulaganathen, Kesavan and Abdul Rahman, Tharek and Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal and Islam, Md Rafiqul (2013) Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 55 (1). pp. 103-113. ISSN 1045-9243 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=06474490 10.1109/MAP.2013.6474490 |
| spellingShingle | TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television Ulaganathen, Kesavan Abdul Rahman, Tharek Abdul Rahim, Sharul Kamal Islam, Md Rafiqul Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview |
| title | Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview |
| title_full | Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview |
| title_fullStr | Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview |
| title_short | Review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in Malaysia: an overview |
| title_sort | review of rain attenuation studies in tropical and equatorial regions in malaysia: an overview |
| topic | TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/32431/1/IEEE_AP_Magazine.pdf |