Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle?
Purpose. Changes in retinal vascular parameters have been shown to be associated with systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the physiologic variations in retinal vascular measurements during the cardiac cycle. Methods. Fundus images were taken using electrocardiogram-synchron...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
2012
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/1/Does_Retinal_Vascular_Geometry.pdf |
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| author | Hao, Hao Sasongko, Muhammad Tien, Y. Wong Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal Aliahmad, Behzad Hodgson, Lauren Kawasaki, Ryo Carol, Y. Cheung Jie, Jin Wang Kumar, Dinesh Kant |
| author_facet | Hao, Hao Sasongko, Muhammad Tien, Y. Wong Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal Aliahmad, Behzad Hodgson, Lauren Kawasaki, Ryo Carol, Y. Cheung Jie, Jin Wang Kumar, Dinesh Kant |
| author_sort | Hao, Hao |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description |
Purpose. Changes in retinal vascular parameters have been shown to be associated with systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the physiologic variations in retinal vascular measurements during the cardiac cycle.
Methods. Fundus images were taken using electrocardiogram-synchronized retinal camera at nine distinct cardiac points from 15 healthy volunteers (135 images). Analyses of retinal vessel geometric measures, including retinal vessel caliber (individual and summary), tortuosity, branching angle, length–diameter ratio (LDR), and optimality deviation, were performed using semiautomated computer software. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to obtain the means and to estimate the variation of each cardiac point compared with cardiac point 1.
Results. There was a significant variation of the caliber of the individual arteriolar and venular vessels. However, there was no significant variation found for vessel caliber summary, represented by the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and the central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). There was also no significant variation found for tortuosity and branching angle, and LDR showed none or very little variations at different cardiac points: variations in caliber ranges between 0 and 4.1%, tortuosity 0 and 1.5%, branching angle 0 and 3.5%, and LDR 0 and 2%; all values for variations, P > 0.1; linear trend, P > 0.5; and nonlinear trend, P > 0.8.
Conclusions. This study showed that there were minimal variations in the CRAE, CRVE, tortuosity, and branching angle that are clinically used for two-dimensional measures of retinal vascular geometry during cardiac cycles. However, there was significant variation in the caliber of the individual vessels over the cardiac cycle.
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| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:27:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-28962 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:27:21Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-289622022-06-30T08:17:36Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/ Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? Hao, Hao Sasongko, Muhammad Tien, Y. Wong Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal Aliahmad, Behzad Hodgson, Lauren Kawasaki, Ryo Carol, Y. Cheung Jie, Jin Wang Kumar, Dinesh Kant RE Ophthalmology Purpose. Changes in retinal vascular parameters have been shown to be associated with systemic vascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the physiologic variations in retinal vascular measurements during the cardiac cycle. Methods. Fundus images were taken using electrocardiogram-synchronized retinal camera at nine distinct cardiac points from 15 healthy volunteers (135 images). Analyses of retinal vessel geometric measures, including retinal vessel caliber (individual and summary), tortuosity, branching angle, length–diameter ratio (LDR), and optimality deviation, were performed using semiautomated computer software. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to obtain the means and to estimate the variation of each cardiac point compared with cardiac point 1. Results. There was a significant variation of the caliber of the individual arteriolar and venular vessels. However, there was no significant variation found for vessel caliber summary, represented by the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and the central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE). There was also no significant variation found for tortuosity and branching angle, and LDR showed none or very little variations at different cardiac points: variations in caliber ranges between 0 and 4.1%, tortuosity 0 and 1.5%, branching angle 0 and 3.5%, and LDR 0 and 2%; all values for variations, P > 0.1; linear trend, P > 0.5; and nonlinear trend, P > 0.8. Conclusions. This study showed that there were minimal variations in the CRAE, CRVE, tortuosity, and branching angle that are clinically used for two-dimensional measures of retinal vascular geometry during cardiac cycles. However, there was significant variation in the caliber of the individual vessels over the cardiac cycle. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc. 2012-08 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/1/Does_Retinal_Vascular_Geometry.pdf Hao, Hao and Sasongko, Muhammad and Tien, Y. Wong and Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal and Aliahmad, Behzad and Hodgson, Lauren and Kawasaki, Ryo and Carol, Y. Cheung and Jie, Jin Wang and Kumar, Dinesh Kant (2012) Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 53 (9). pp. 5799-5805. ISSN 0146-0404 http://www.iovs.org/content/53/9/5799.abstract 10.1167/iovs.11-9326 |
| spellingShingle | RE Ophthalmology Hao, Hao Sasongko, Muhammad Tien, Y. Wong Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal Aliahmad, Behzad Hodgson, Lauren Kawasaki, Ryo Carol, Y. Cheung Jie, Jin Wang Kumar, Dinesh Kant Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| title | Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| title_full | Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| title_fullStr | Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| title_short | Does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| title_sort | does retinal vascular geometry vary with cardiac cycle? |
| topic | RE Ophthalmology |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28962/1/Does_Retinal_Vascular_Geometry.pdf |