Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective
Objectives: In Malaysia dietary supplements are ram- pantly consumed for general health and well-being and therefore, available in community pharmacies, health food stores, night markets, grocery stores and even obtained via internet. However, gap in the level of Malaysian consumer’s awareness regar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2012
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| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/1/RSAP-2012.pdf |
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| author | Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Ismail, Zahari Khari, N. S. Mohamad, N. N. Jamshed, Shazia Qasim |
| author_facet | Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Ismail, Zahari Khari, N. S. Mohamad, N. N. Jamshed, Shazia Qasim |
| author_sort | Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad |
| building | IIUM Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Objectives: In Malaysia dietary supplements are ram- pantly consumed for general health and well-being and therefore, available in community pharmacies, health food stores, night markets, grocery stores and even obtained via internet. However, gap in the level of Malaysian consumer’s awareness regarding the toxicity of dietary supplements is a major issue, which needs to be addressed by the analysis of their constituents. This study was aimed to evaluate and analyze the heavy metal contents such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in registered dietary supplements available in community pharmacies in Malaysia Methods: This study was focused on Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali), glucosamine, Allium sativum (garlic) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) products. A total of twenty registered single ingredient dosage form dietary supple- ments from different brands were purchased from com- munity pharmacies located in Penang. The samples were then evaluated and subjected to analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: The study showed that variable amounts of lead have been quantified as 0.29 -0.47 ppm (Tongkat Ali), 0.19 – 0.27 ppm (glucosamine), 0.01 – 0.38 ppm (garlic) and 0.26 – 0.74 ppm (ginger) products. While for cad- mium detection, the amounts indicated 0.02 – 0.24 ppm (Tongkat Ali), 0.03 – 0.22 ppm (glucosamine), 0.06 ppm (ginger) and was absent in garlic No traces of arsenic and mercury were found in all four product samples. The regression linear coefficients (r2) for Pb, Cd, As and Hg standards were 0.9990, 0.9958, 0.9960 and 0.9989, respectively.
Conclusions: The amount of Pb, Cd, As and Hg in all the products were found within the limits as per the re- quirement stated by National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB). Thus, in order to ensure the safety and quality of dietary supplements, the analysis of heavy metals must be carried out on routine basis using simple and robust atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:26:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | iium-28379 |
| institution | International Islamic University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T15:26:02Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | iium-283792013-11-11T03:16:46Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/ Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Ismail, Zahari Khari, N. S. Mohamad, N. N. Jamshed, Shazia Qasim QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica Objectives: In Malaysia dietary supplements are ram- pantly consumed for general health and well-being and therefore, available in community pharmacies, health food stores, night markets, grocery stores and even obtained via internet. However, gap in the level of Malaysian consumer’s awareness regarding the toxicity of dietary supplements is a major issue, which needs to be addressed by the analysis of their constituents. This study was aimed to evaluate and analyze the heavy metal contents such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in registered dietary supplements available in community pharmacies in Malaysia Methods: This study was focused on Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali), glucosamine, Allium sativum (garlic) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) products. A total of twenty registered single ingredient dosage form dietary supple- ments from different brands were purchased from com- munity pharmacies located in Penang. The samples were then evaluated and subjected to analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The study showed that variable amounts of lead have been quantified as 0.29 -0.47 ppm (Tongkat Ali), 0.19 – 0.27 ppm (glucosamine), 0.01 – 0.38 ppm (garlic) and 0.26 – 0.74 ppm (ginger) products. While for cad- mium detection, the amounts indicated 0.02 – 0.24 ppm (Tongkat Ali), 0.03 – 0.22 ppm (glucosamine), 0.06 ppm (ginger) and was absent in garlic No traces of arsenic and mercury were found in all four product samples. The regression linear coefficients (r2) for Pb, Cd, As and Hg standards were 0.9990, 0.9958, 0.9960 and 0.9989, respectively. Conclusions: The amount of Pb, Cd, As and Hg in all the products were found within the limits as per the re- quirement stated by National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB). Thus, in order to ensure the safety and quality of dietary supplements, the analysis of heavy metals must be carried out on routine basis using simple and robust atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique Elsevier 2012-11-16 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/1/RSAP-2012.pdf Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad and Ismail, Zahari and Khari, N. S. and Mohamad, N. N. and Jamshed, Shazia Qasim (2012) Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 8. e57-e58. ISSN 1551-7411 http://www.rsap.org/article/S1551-7411%2812%2900276-8/abstract 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.08.133 |
| spellingShingle | QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Ismail, Zahari Khari, N. S. Mohamad, N. N. Jamshed, Shazia Qasim Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| title | Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| title_full | Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| title_fullStr | Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| title_short | Heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in Malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| title_sort | heavy metal contents in registered dietary supplements in malaysia: a pilot study from the drug safety perspective |
| topic | QD Chemistry RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| url | http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/ http://irep.iium.edu.my/28379/1/RSAP-2012.pdf |