Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges

To realize the various benefits brought by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in single-receiver high-precision GNSS-based Positioning Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, LEO satellite orbits and clocks need to be processed and delivered to users in real-time with precision of a few centimeters. Whi...

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Main Authors: Wang, K., Xie, W., Chen, B., Liu, J., Wu, M., El-Mowafy, Ahmed, Yang, X.
Format: Conference Paper
Published: 2025
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/98081
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author Wang, K.
Xie, W.
Chen, B.
Liu, J.
Wu, M.
El-Mowafy, Ahmed
Yang, X.
author_facet Wang, K.
Xie, W.
Chen, B.
Liu, J.
Wu, M.
El-Mowafy, Ahmed
Yang, X.
author_sort Wang, K.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description To realize the various benefits brought by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in single-receiver high-precision GNSS-based Positioning Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, LEO satellite orbits and clocks need to be processed and delivered to users in real-time with precision of a few centimeters. While post-processing of cm-level LEO satellite orbits and clocks can be widely achieved, real-time processing faces various Challenges. When the number of LEO satellites increases, the observation data downlinked to the processing center may experience large and complicated discontinuities and incompleteness depending on the downlinking strategies. Even with the observations downlinked in real-time, the LEO satellite clock precision tends to be very sensitive to the continuity and quality of the GNSS real-time products. This study first introduces the procedure for ground-based cm-level real-time LEO satellite Precise Orbit Determination (POD), including near-real-time POD, short-term prediction, and ephemeris fitting/broadcasting. Next, the short-term predicted orbits and long-term predicted clocks of LEO satellites are introduced and properly constrained in filter-based real-time LEO satellite clock determination to achieve a precision of about 0.2 ns. Strategies to deal with sub-optimal observation data and GNSS products are explained. With the proposed methods, a Signal-In-Space Ranging Error at sub-dm to 1 dm can be achieved in practice.
first_indexed 2025-11-14T11:49:54Z
format Conference Paper
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institution Curtin University Malaysia
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-14T11:49:54Z
publishDate 2025
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-980812025-07-15T02:10:29Z Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges Wang, K. Xie, W. Chen, B. Liu, J. Wu, M. El-Mowafy, Ahmed Yang, X. To realize the various benefits brought by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in single-receiver high-precision GNSS-based Positioning Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, LEO satellite orbits and clocks need to be processed and delivered to users in real-time with precision of a few centimeters. While post-processing of cm-level LEO satellite orbits and clocks can be widely achieved, real-time processing faces various Challenges. When the number of LEO satellites increases, the observation data downlinked to the processing center may experience large and complicated discontinuities and incompleteness depending on the downlinking strategies. Even with the observations downlinked in real-time, the LEO satellite clock precision tends to be very sensitive to the continuity and quality of the GNSS real-time products. This study first introduces the procedure for ground-based cm-level real-time LEO satellite Precise Orbit Determination (POD), including near-real-time POD, short-term prediction, and ephemeris fitting/broadcasting. Next, the short-term predicted orbits and long-term predicted clocks of LEO satellites are introduced and properly constrained in filter-based real-time LEO satellite clock determination to achieve a precision of about 0.2 ns. Strategies to deal with sub-optimal observation data and GNSS products are explained. With the proposed methods, a Signal-In-Space Ranging Error at sub-dm to 1 dm can be achieved in practice. 2025 Conference Paper http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/98081 restricted
spellingShingle Wang, K.
Xie, W.
Chen, B.
Liu, J.
Wu, M.
El-Mowafy, Ahmed
Yang, X.
Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges
title Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges
title_full Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges
title_fullStr Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges
title_short Real-time LEO satellite precise orbit and clock determination: Strategies and Challenges
title_sort real-time leo satellite precise orbit and clock determination: strategies and challenges
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/98081