The Tidal Disruption Event AT2021ehb: Evidence of Relativistic Disk Reflection, and Rapid Evolution of the Disk-Corona System

The Tidal Disruption Event AT2021ehb: Evidence of Relativistic Disk Reflection, and Rapid Evolution of the Disk-Corona System

We present X-ray, UV, optical, and radio observations of the nearby (≈78 Mpc) tidal disruption event AT2021ehb/ZTF21aanxhjv during its first 430 days of evolution. AT2021ehb occurs in the nucleus of a galaxy hosting a≈107 M ⊙ black hole (M BH inferred from host galaxy scaling relations). High-cadenc...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yao, Y., Lu, W., Guolo, M., Pasham, D.R., Gezari, S., Gilfanov, M., Gendreau, K.C., Harrison, F., Cenko, S.B., Kulkarni, S.R., Miller, J.M., Walton, D.J., García, J.A., Velzen, S.V., Alexander, K.D., Miller-Jones, James, Nicholl, M., Hammerstein, E., Medvedev, P., Stern, D., Ravi, V., Sunyaev, R., Bloom, J.S., Graham, M.J., Kool, E.C., Mahabal, A.A., Masci, F.J., Purdum, J., Rusholme, B., Sharma, Y., Smith, R., Sollerman, J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing Ltd 2022
Subjects:
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Astronomy & Astrophysics
X-RAY SOURCES
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES
GALACTIC NUCLEI
ACCRETION FLOWS
FUNDAMENTAL PLANE
EDDINGTON RATIO
ENERGY-SPECTRA
BINARY-SYSTEMS
LOW-RESOLUTION
LINE SPECTRA
astro-ph.HE
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac898a
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/97227
Description
Summary:We present X-ray, UV, optical, and radio observations of the nearby (≈78 Mpc) tidal disruption event AT2021ehb/ZTF21aanxhjv during its first 430 days of evolution. AT2021ehb occurs in the nucleus of a galaxy hosting a≈107 M ⊙ black hole (M BH inferred from host galaxy scaling relations). High-cadence Swift and Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) monitoring reveals a delayed X-ray brightening. The spectrum first undergoes a gradual soft → hard transition and then suddenly turns soft again within 3 days at δ t≈272 days during which the X-ray flux drops by a factor of 10. In the joint NICER+NuSTAR observation (δ t = 264 days, harder state), we observe a prominent nonthermal component up to 30 keV and an extremely broad emission line in the iron K band. The bolometric luminosity of AT2021ehb reaches a maximum of 6.0 − 3.8 + 10.4 % L Edd when the X-ray spectrum is the hardest. During the dramatic X-ray evolution, no radio emission is detected, the UV/optical luminosity stays relatively constant, and the optical spectra are featureless. We propose the following interpretations: (i) the soft → hard transition may be caused by the gradual formation of a magnetically dominated corona; (ii) hard X-ray photons escape from the system along solid angles with low scattering optical depth (∼a few) whereas the UV/optical emission is likely generated by reprocessing materials with much larger column density—the system is highly aspherical; and (iii) the abrupt X-ray flux drop may be triggered by the thermal-viscous instability in the inner accretion flow, leading to a much thinner disk.

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