The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole

A black hole can launch a powerful relativistic jet after it tidally disrupts a star. If this jet fortuitously aligns with our line of sight, the overall brightness is Doppler boosted by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, such on-axis relativistic tidal disruption events have the potential t...

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Main Authors:	Pasham, D.R., Lucchini, M., Laskar, T., Gompertz, B.P., Srivastav, S., Nicholl, M., Smartt, S.J., Miller-Jones, James, Alexander, K.D., Fender, R., Smith, G.P., Fulton, M., Dewangan, G., Gendreau, K., Coughlin, E.R., Rhodes, L., Horesh, A., van Velzen, S., Sfaradi, I., Guolo, M., Castro Segura, N., Aamer, A., Anderson, J.P., Arcavi, I., Brennan, S.J., Chambers, K., Charalampopoulos, P., Chen, T.W., Clocchiatti, A., de Boer, T., Dennefeld, M., Ferrara, E., Galbany, L., Gao, H., Gillanders, J.H., Goodwin, Adelle, Gromadzki, M., Huber, M., Jonker, P.G., Joshi, M., Kara, E., Killestein, T.L., Kosec, P., Kocevski, D., Leloudas, G., Lin, C.C., Margutti, R., Mattila, S., Moore, T., Müller-Bravo, T., Ngeow, C.C., Oates, S., Onori, F., Pan, Y.C., Perez-Torres, M., Rani, P., Remillard, R., Ridley, E.J., Schulze, S., Sheng, X., Shingles, L., Smith, K.W., Steiner, J.F., Wainscoat, R., Wevers, T., Yang, S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	NATURE PORTFOLIO 2023
Subjects:	Science & Technology Physical Sciences Astronomy & Astrophysics GAMMA-RAY BURSTS TIDAL DISRUPTION GALAXY CLUSTERS LIGHT CURVES VARIABILITY CANDIDATE EVENTS PARSEC SYSTEM NEARBY
Online Access:	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP200102471 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/96437

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author	Pasham, D.R. Lucchini, M. Laskar, T. Gompertz, B.P. Srivastav, S. Nicholl, M. Smartt, S.J. Miller-Jones, James Alexander, K.D. Fender, R. Smith, G.P. Fulton, M. Dewangan, G. Gendreau, K. Coughlin, E.R. Rhodes, L. Horesh, A. van Velzen, S. Sfaradi, I. Guolo, M. Castro Segura, N. Aamer, A. Anderson, J.P. Arcavi, I. Brennan, S.J. Chambers, K. Charalampopoulos, P. Chen, T.W. Clocchiatti, A. de Boer, T. Dennefeld, M. Ferrara, E. Galbany, L. Gao, H. Gillanders, J.H. Goodwin, Adelle Gromadzki, M. Huber, M. Jonker, P.G. Joshi, M. Kara, E. Killestein, T.L. Kosec, P. Kocevski, D. Leloudas, G. Lin, C.C. Margutti, R. Mattila, S. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. Ngeow, C.C. Oates, S. Onori, F. Pan, Y.C. Perez-Torres, M. Rani, P. Remillard, R. Ridley, E.J. Schulze, S. Sheng, X. Shingles, L. Smith, K.W. Steiner, J.F. Wainscoat, R. Wevers, T. Yang, S.
author_facet	Pasham, D.R. Lucchini, M. Laskar, T. Gompertz, B.P. Srivastav, S. Nicholl, M. Smartt, S.J. Miller-Jones, James Alexander, K.D. Fender, R. Smith, G.P. Fulton, M. Dewangan, G. Gendreau, K. Coughlin, E.R. Rhodes, L. Horesh, A. van Velzen, S. Sfaradi, I. Guolo, M. Castro Segura, N. Aamer, A. Anderson, J.P. Arcavi, I. Brennan, S.J. Chambers, K. Charalampopoulos, P. Chen, T.W. Clocchiatti, A. de Boer, T. Dennefeld, M. Ferrara, E. Galbany, L. Gao, H. Gillanders, J.H. Goodwin, Adelle Gromadzki, M. Huber, M. Jonker, P.G. Joshi, M. Kara, E. Killestein, T.L. Kosec, P. Kocevski, D. Leloudas, G. Lin, C.C. Margutti, R. Mattila, S. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. Ngeow, C.C. Oates, S. Onori, F. Pan, Y.C. Perez-Torres, M. Rani, P. Remillard, R. Ridley, E.J. Schulze, S. Sheng, X. Shingles, L. Smith, K.W. Steiner, J.F. Wainscoat, R. Wevers, T. Yang, S.
author_sort	Pasham, D.R.
building	Curtin Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
description	A black hole can launch a powerful relativistic jet after it tidally disrupts a star. If this jet fortuitously aligns with our line of sight, the overall brightness is Doppler boosted by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, such on-axis relativistic tidal disruption events have the potential to unveil cosmological (redshift z > 1) quiescent black holes and are ideal test beds for understanding the radiative mechanisms operating in super-Eddington jets. Here we present multiwavelength (X-ray, UV, optical and radio) observations of the optically discovered transient AT 2022cmc at z = 1.193. Its unusual X-ray properties, including a peak observed luminosity of ≳1048 erg s−1, systematic variability on timescales as short as 1,000 s and overall duration lasting more than 30 days in the rest frame, are traits associated with relativistic tidal disruption events. The X-ray to radio spectral energy distributions spanning 5–50 days after discovery can be explained as synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet (radio), synchrotron self-Compton (X-rays) and thermal emission similar to that seen in low-redshift tidal disruption events (UV/optical). Our modelling implies a beamed, highly relativistic jet akin to blazars but requires extreme matter domination (that is, a high ratio of electron-to-magnetic-field energy densities in the jet) and challenges our theoretical understanding of jets.
first_indexed	2025-11-14T11:46:35Z
format	Journal Article
id	curtin-20.500.11937-96437
institution	Curtin University Malaysia
institution_category	Local University
language	English
last_indexed	2025-11-14T11:46:35Z
publishDate	2023
publisher	NATURE PORTFOLIO
recordtype	eprints
repository_type	Digital Repository
spelling	curtin-20.500.11937-964372024-12-18T01:40:48Z The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole Pasham, D.R. Lucchini, M. Laskar, T. Gompertz, B.P. Srivastav, S. Nicholl, M. Smartt, S.J. Miller-Jones, James Alexander, K.D. Fender, R. Smith, G.P. Fulton, M. Dewangan, G. Gendreau, K. Coughlin, E.R. Rhodes, L. Horesh, A. van Velzen, S. Sfaradi, I. Guolo, M. Castro Segura, N. Aamer, A. Anderson, J.P. Arcavi, I. Brennan, S.J. Chambers, K. Charalampopoulos, P. Chen, T.W. Clocchiatti, A. de Boer, T. Dennefeld, M. Ferrara, E. Galbany, L. Gao, H. Gillanders, J.H. Goodwin, Adelle Gromadzki, M. Huber, M. Jonker, P.G. Joshi, M. Kara, E. Killestein, T.L. Kosec, P. Kocevski, D. Leloudas, G. Lin, C.C. Margutti, R. Mattila, S. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. Ngeow, C.C. Oates, S. Onori, F. Pan, Y.C. Perez-Torres, M. Rani, P. Remillard, R. Ridley, E.J. Schulze, S. Sheng, X. Shingles, L. Smith, K.W. Steiner, J.F. Wainscoat, R. Wevers, T. Yang, S. Science & Technology Physical Sciences Astronomy & Astrophysics GAMMA-RAY BURSTS TIDAL DISRUPTION GALAXY CLUSTERS LIGHT CURVES VARIABILITY CANDIDATE EVENTS PARSEC SYSTEM NEARBY A black hole can launch a powerful relativistic jet after it tidally disrupts a star. If this jet fortuitously aligns with our line of sight, the overall brightness is Doppler boosted by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, such on-axis relativistic tidal disruption events have the potential to unveil cosmological (redshift z > 1) quiescent black holes and are ideal test beds for understanding the radiative mechanisms operating in super-Eddington jets. Here we present multiwavelength (X-ray, UV, optical and radio) observations of the optically discovered transient AT 2022cmc at z = 1.193. Its unusual X-ray properties, including a peak observed luminosity of ≳1048 erg s−1, systematic variability on timescales as short as 1,000 s and overall duration lasting more than 30 days in the rest frame, are traits associated with relativistic tidal disruption events. The X-ray to radio spectral energy distributions spanning 5–50 days after discovery can be explained as synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet (radio), synchrotron self-Compton (X-rays) and thermal emission similar to that seen in low-redshift tidal disruption events (UV/optical). Our modelling implies a beamed, highly relativistic jet akin to blazars but requires extreme matter domination (that is, a high ratio of electron-to-magnetic-field energy densities in the jet) and challenges our theoretical understanding of jets. 2023 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/96437 10.1038/s41550-022-01820-x English http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP200102471 NATURE PORTFOLIO fulltext
spellingShingle	Science & Technology Physical Sciences Astronomy & Astrophysics GAMMA-RAY BURSTS TIDAL DISRUPTION GALAXY CLUSTERS LIGHT CURVES VARIABILITY CANDIDATE EVENTS PARSEC SYSTEM NEARBY Pasham, D.R. Lucchini, M. Laskar, T. Gompertz, B.P. Srivastav, S. Nicholl, M. Smartt, S.J. Miller-Jones, James Alexander, K.D. Fender, R. Smith, G.P. Fulton, M. Dewangan, G. Gendreau, K. Coughlin, E.R. Rhodes, L. Horesh, A. van Velzen, S. Sfaradi, I. Guolo, M. Castro Segura, N. Aamer, A. Anderson, J.P. Arcavi, I. Brennan, S.J. Chambers, K. Charalampopoulos, P. Chen, T.W. Clocchiatti, A. de Boer, T. Dennefeld, M. Ferrara, E. Galbany, L. Gao, H. Gillanders, J.H. Goodwin, Adelle Gromadzki, M. Huber, M. Jonker, P.G. Joshi, M. Kara, E. Killestein, T.L. Kosec, P. Kocevski, D. Leloudas, G. Lin, C.C. Margutti, R. Mattila, S. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. Ngeow, C.C. Oates, S. Onori, F. Pan, Y.C. Perez-Torres, M. Rani, P. Remillard, R. Ridley, E.J. Schulze, S. Sheng, X. Shingles, L. Smith, K.W. Steiner, J.F. Wainscoat, R. Wevers, T. Yang, S. The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
title	The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
title_full	The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
title_fullStr	The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
title_full_unstemmed	The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
title_short	The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
title_sort	birth of a relativistic jet following the disruption of a star by a cosmological black hole
topic	Science & Technology Physical Sciences Astronomy & Astrophysics GAMMA-RAY BURSTS TIDAL DISRUPTION GALAXY CLUSTERS LIGHT CURVES VARIABILITY CANDIDATE EVENTS PARSEC SYSTEM NEARBY
url	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP200102471 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/96437

The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole

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