Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
The sensing of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) directly at an explosion site requires a fast, simple and sensitive detection method, to which electrochemical techniques are well suited. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensor material for TNT based on an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
2023
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| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT170100315 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/96069 |
| _version_ | 1848766088728281088 |
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| author | Javaid, Shaghraf Azhar, Muhammad Li, Xinyu Phillips, Juliette Hussain, T. Abid, Hussein Chen, J. Ji, X. Silvester-Dean, Debbie |
| author_facet | Javaid, Shaghraf Azhar, Muhammad Li, Xinyu Phillips, Juliette Hussain, T. Abid, Hussein Chen, J. Ji, X. Silvester-Dean, Debbie |
| author_sort | Javaid, Shaghraf |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The sensing of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) directly at an explosion site requires a fast, simple and sensitive detection method, to which electrochemical techniques are well suited. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensor material for TNT based on an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) sensitized zinc-1,4–benzenedicarboxylate Zn(BDC) metal organic framework (MOF) mixed with carbon black on a glassy carbon electrode. In the solvent modulation mechanism, by merely changing the concentration of NH4OH during synthesis, two Zn(BDC) MOFs with novel morphologies were fabricated via a hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared MOFs were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The different morphologies of the MOFs, and their impact on the performance of the modified electrodes towards the electrochemical detection of TNT was investigated. Under optimum conditions, 0.7–Zn(BDC) demonstrated the best electrochemical response for TNT detection using square wave voltammetry (SWV) with a linear calibration response in the range of 0.3–1.0 μM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.042 μM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.14 μM and a high rate of repeatability. Atomic-scale simulations based on density functional theory authenticated the efficient sensing properties of Zn(BDC) MOF towards TNT. Furthermore, the promising response of the sensors in real sample matrices (tap water and wastewater) was demonstrated, opening new avenues towards the real-time detection of TNT in real environmental samples. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:45:35Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-96069 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:45:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-960692024-11-07T01:02:25Z Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Javaid, Shaghraf Azhar, Muhammad Li, Xinyu Phillips, Juliette Hussain, T. Abid, Hussein Chen, J. Ji, X. Silvester-Dean, Debbie The sensing of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) directly at an explosion site requires a fast, simple and sensitive detection method, to which electrochemical techniques are well suited. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensor material for TNT based on an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) sensitized zinc-1,4–benzenedicarboxylate Zn(BDC) metal organic framework (MOF) mixed with carbon black on a glassy carbon electrode. In the solvent modulation mechanism, by merely changing the concentration of NH4OH during synthesis, two Zn(BDC) MOFs with novel morphologies were fabricated via a hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared MOFs were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The different morphologies of the MOFs, and their impact on the performance of the modified electrodes towards the electrochemical detection of TNT was investigated. Under optimum conditions, 0.7–Zn(BDC) demonstrated the best electrochemical response for TNT detection using square wave voltammetry (SWV) with a linear calibration response in the range of 0.3–1.0 μM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.042 μM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.14 μM and a high rate of repeatability. Atomic-scale simulations based on density functional theory authenticated the efficient sensing properties of Zn(BDC) MOF towards TNT. Furthermore, the promising response of the sensors in real sample matrices (tap water and wastewater) was demonstrated, opening new avenues towards the real-time detection of TNT in real environmental samples. 2023 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/96069 10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101759 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT170100315 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Javaid, Shaghraf Azhar, Muhammad Li, Xinyu Phillips, Juliette Hussain, T. Abid, Hussein Chen, J. Ji, X. Silvester-Dean, Debbie Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| title | Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| title_full | Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| title_fullStr | Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| title_short | Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| title_sort | metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT170100315 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/96069 |