Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the causative agent of TB, is a recalcitrant pathogen that is rife around the world, latently infecting approximately a quarter of the worldwide population. The asymptomatic status of the dormant bacteria escalates to the transmissible, active form when the host’s...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2023
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| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE160100482 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/94703 |
| _version_ | 1848765900114624512 |
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| author | Alsayed, S.S.R. Gunosewoyo, Hendra |
| author_facet | Alsayed, S.S.R. Gunosewoyo, Hendra |
| author_sort | Alsayed, S.S.R. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the causative agent of TB, is a recalcitrant pathogen that is rife around the world, latently infecting approximately a quarter of the worldwide population. The asymptomatic status of the dormant bacteria escalates to the transmissible, active form when the host’s immune system becomes debilitated. The current front-line treatment regimen for drug-sensitive (DS) M. tb strains is a 6-month protocol involving four different drugs that requires stringent adherence to avoid relapse and resistance. Poverty, difficulty to access proper treatment, and lack of patient compliance contributed to the emergence of more sinister drug-resistant (DR) strains, which demand a longer duration of treatment with more toxic and more expensive drugs compared to the first-line regimen. Only three new drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ) and the two nitroimidazole derivatives delamanid (DLM) and pretomanid (PMD) were approved in the last decade for treatment of TB—the first anti-TB drugs with novel mode of actions to be introduced to the market in more than 50 years—reflecting the attrition rates in the development and approval of new anti-TB drugs. Herein, we will discuss the M. tb pathogenesis, current treatment protocols and challenges to the TB control efforts. This review also aims to highlight several small molecules that have recently been identified as promising preclinical and clinical anti-TB drug candidates that inhibit new protein targets in M. tb. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:42:35Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-94703 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:42:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-947032024-04-16T06:25:58Z Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets Alsayed, S.S.R. Gunosewoyo, Hendra TB pathogenesis TB treatment regimens anti-TB drug candidates latent TB mycobacterial drug targets tuberculosis Humans Antitubercular Agents Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Delivery Systems Clinical Protocols Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Humans Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Antitubercular Agents Clinical Protocols Drug Delivery Systems Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the causative agent of TB, is a recalcitrant pathogen that is rife around the world, latently infecting approximately a quarter of the worldwide population. The asymptomatic status of the dormant bacteria escalates to the transmissible, active form when the host’s immune system becomes debilitated. The current front-line treatment regimen for drug-sensitive (DS) M. tb strains is a 6-month protocol involving four different drugs that requires stringent adherence to avoid relapse and resistance. Poverty, difficulty to access proper treatment, and lack of patient compliance contributed to the emergence of more sinister drug-resistant (DR) strains, which demand a longer duration of treatment with more toxic and more expensive drugs compared to the first-line regimen. Only three new drugs, bedaquiline (BDQ) and the two nitroimidazole derivatives delamanid (DLM) and pretomanid (PMD) were approved in the last decade for treatment of TB—the first anti-TB drugs with novel mode of actions to be introduced to the market in more than 50 years—reflecting the attrition rates in the development and approval of new anti-TB drugs. Herein, we will discuss the M. tb pathogenesis, current treatment protocols and challenges to the TB control efforts. This review also aims to highlight several small molecules that have recently been identified as promising preclinical and clinical anti-TB drug candidates that inhibit new protein targets in M. tb. 2023 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/94703 10.3390/ijms24065202 eng http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE160100482 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fulltext |
| spellingShingle | TB pathogenesis TB treatment regimens anti-TB drug candidates latent TB mycobacterial drug targets tuberculosis Humans Antitubercular Agents Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Delivery Systems Clinical Protocols Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Humans Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Antitubercular Agents Clinical Protocols Drug Delivery Systems Alsayed, S.S.R. Gunosewoyo, Hendra Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets |
| title | Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets |
| title_full | Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets |
| title_fullStr | Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets |
| title_short | Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Current Treatment Regimens and New Drug Targets |
| title_sort | tuberculosis: pathogenesis, current treatment regimens and new drug targets |
| topic | TB pathogenesis TB treatment regimens anti-TB drug candidates latent TB mycobacterial drug targets tuberculosis Humans Antitubercular Agents Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Delivery Systems Clinical Protocols Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Humans Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Antitubercular Agents Clinical Protocols Drug Delivery Systems |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE160100482 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/94703 |