Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on sliding metal–semiconductor junctions are an emerging technology that can efficiently convert mechanical into electrical energy. These miniature autonomous power sources can output large direct current (DC) densities, but often suffer from limited durabi...

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Main Authors: Hurtado, Carlos, Ciampi, Simone
Format: Journal Article
Published: 2023
Online Access:http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220100735
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93930
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author Hurtado, Carlos
Ciampi, Simone
author_facet Hurtado, Carlos
Ciampi, Simone
author_sort Hurtado, Carlos
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on sliding metal–semiconductor junctions are an emerging technology that can efficiently convert mechanical into electrical energy. These miniature autonomous power sources can output large direct current (DC) densities, but often suffer from limited durability; hence, their practical scope remains uncertain. Herein, through a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and photocurrent decay (PCM) experiments, we explored the underlying cause of surface wear during the operation of DC-TENGs. Using monolayer-functionalized Si(211) surfaces as the model system, we demonstrate the extent to which surface damage develops during TENG operation. We reveal that the introduction of surface defects (oxide growth) during TENG operation is not caused by the passage of the rather large current densities (average output of ~2 × 106 A/m2); it is instead mainly caused by the large pressure (~GPa) required for the sliding Schottky diode to output a measurable zero-bias current. We also discovered that the drop in output during operation occurs with a delay in the friction/pressure event, which partially explains why such deterioration of DC-TENG performance is often underestimated or not reported.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-939302024-01-19T01:29:10Z Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators Hurtado, Carlos Ciampi, Simone Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on sliding metal–semiconductor junctions are an emerging technology that can efficiently convert mechanical into electrical energy. These miniature autonomous power sources can output large direct current (DC) densities, but often suffer from limited durability; hence, their practical scope remains uncertain. Herein, through a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and photocurrent decay (PCM) experiments, we explored the underlying cause of surface wear during the operation of DC-TENGs. Using monolayer-functionalized Si(211) surfaces as the model system, we demonstrate the extent to which surface damage develops during TENG operation. We reveal that the introduction of surface defects (oxide growth) during TENG operation is not caused by the passage of the rather large current densities (average output of ~2 × 106 A/m2); it is instead mainly caused by the large pressure (~GPa) required for the sliding Schottky diode to output a measurable zero-bias current. We also discovered that the drop in output during operation occurs with a delay in the friction/pressure event, which partially explains why such deterioration of DC-TENG performance is often underestimated or not reported. 2023 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93930 10.3390/surfaces6030020 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220100735 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT190100148 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fulltext
spellingShingle Hurtado, Carlos
Ciampi, Simone
Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
title Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
title_full Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
title_fullStr Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
title_short Oxidative Damage during the Operation of Si(211)-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
title_sort oxidative damage during the operation of si(211)-based triboelectric nanogenerators
url http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220100735
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220100735
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93930