Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage of one’s own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. Research suggests that individuals engage in NSSI as a means of regulating their emotions and that NSSI is associated with emotion regulation difficulties. There is also e...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1173043 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93725 |
| _version_ | 1848765774743732224 |
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| author | Hird, Kirsty Hasking, Penelope Boyes, Mark |
| author_facet | Hird, Kirsty Hasking, Penelope Boyes, Mark |
| author_sort | Hird, Kirsty |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage of one’s own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. Research suggests that individuals engage in NSSI as a means of regulating their emotions and that NSSI is associated with emotion regulation difficulties. There is also evidence supporting the role of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. However, it is unclear how these factors work together to explain NSSI. Objective: To explore whether the relationships between five NSSI-specific outcome expectancies and NSSI history are moderated by emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. Method: 1002 participants (Mage = 20.51, 72.5% female, 39.7% lifetime history of NSSI) completed an online survey including measures of NSSI history, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy to resist NSSI, and emotion regulation difficulties. Results: Emotion regulation difficulties were associated with NSSI, as was expecting NSSI to regulate affect. Conversely, expectations of communication and/or pain, as well as self-efficacy to resist NSSI were negatively associated with NSSI. Expectancies also interacted with both difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy to resist NSSI in predicting self-injury. For example, the association between expectations of affect regulation and self-injury was weaker when associated with greater self-efficacy to resist NSSI. Conclusion: These findings provide support for considering NSSI-specific cognitions in concert with emotion regulation when understanding NSSI.Highlights Outcome expectancies can differentiate people based on NSSI history. Emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI moderate the relationships between outcome expectancies and NSSI history. Emotion regulation difficulties and low self-efficacy to resist NSSI work together to predict NSSI history. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:40:36Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-93725 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:40:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-937252023-11-27T07:51:25Z Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury Hird, Kirsty Hasking, Penelope Boyes, Mark Science & Technology Social Sciences Life Sciences & Biomedicine Psychiatry Psychology Psychology, Multidisciplinary NSSI self-injury emotion regulation difficulties self-efficacy outcome expectancies ADULTS DISORDER NSSI emotion regulation difficulties outcome expectancies self-efficacy self-injury Female Humans Male Emotional Regulation Self Efficacy Self-Injurious Behavior Emotions Suicidal Ideation Humans Self-Injurious Behavior Emotions Self Efficacy Female Male Suicidal Ideation Emotional Regulation Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage of one’s own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. Research suggests that individuals engage in NSSI as a means of regulating their emotions and that NSSI is associated with emotion regulation difficulties. There is also evidence supporting the role of outcome expectancies and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. However, it is unclear how these factors work together to explain NSSI. Objective: To explore whether the relationships between five NSSI-specific outcome expectancies and NSSI history are moderated by emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI. Method: 1002 participants (Mage = 20.51, 72.5% female, 39.7% lifetime history of NSSI) completed an online survey including measures of NSSI history, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy to resist NSSI, and emotion regulation difficulties. Results: Emotion regulation difficulties were associated with NSSI, as was expecting NSSI to regulate affect. Conversely, expectations of communication and/or pain, as well as self-efficacy to resist NSSI were negatively associated with NSSI. Expectancies also interacted with both difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy to resist NSSI in predicting self-injury. For example, the association between expectations of affect regulation and self-injury was weaker when associated with greater self-efficacy to resist NSSI. Conclusion: These findings provide support for considering NSSI-specific cognitions in concert with emotion regulation when understanding NSSI.Highlights Outcome expectancies can differentiate people based on NSSI history. Emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist NSSI moderate the relationships between outcome expectancies and NSSI history. Emotion regulation difficulties and low self-efficacy to resist NSSI work together to predict NSSI history. 2022 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93725 10.1080/13811118.2021.1983492 English http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1173043 ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Science & Technology Social Sciences Life Sciences & Biomedicine Psychiatry Psychology Psychology, Multidisciplinary NSSI self-injury emotion regulation difficulties self-efficacy outcome expectancies ADULTS DISORDER NSSI emotion regulation difficulties outcome expectancies self-efficacy self-injury Female Humans Male Emotional Regulation Self Efficacy Self-Injurious Behavior Emotions Suicidal Ideation Humans Self-Injurious Behavior Emotions Self Efficacy Female Male Suicidal Ideation Emotional Regulation Hird, Kirsty Hasking, Penelope Boyes, Mark Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury |
| title | Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury |
| title_full | Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury |
| title_fullStr | Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury |
| title_short | Relationships between Outcome Expectancies and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Moderating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy to Resist Self-Injury |
| title_sort | relationships between outcome expectancies and non-suicidal self-injury: moderating roles of emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy to resist self-injury |
| topic | Science & Technology Social Sciences Life Sciences & Biomedicine Psychiatry Psychology Psychology, Multidisciplinary NSSI self-injury emotion regulation difficulties self-efficacy outcome expectancies ADULTS DISORDER NSSI emotion regulation difficulties outcome expectancies self-efficacy self-injury Female Humans Male Emotional Regulation Self Efficacy Self-Injurious Behavior Emotions Suicidal Ideation Humans Self-Injurious Behavior Emotions Self Efficacy Female Male Suicidal Ideation Emotional Regulation |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1173043 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93725 |