Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK
The precise point positioning (PPP)-based real-time-kinematic (RTK) method attracts increasing attention from both academia and industry because of its potential for high accuracy positioning with a shorter convergence time compared to the traditional PPP. Besides high accuracy, integrity monitoring...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
2023
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| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170103341 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93503 |
| _version_ | 1848765743343075328 |
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| author | Zhang, W. Wang, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed Rizos, C. |
| author_facet | Zhang, W. Wang, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed Rizos, C. |
| author_sort | Zhang, W. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The precise point positioning (PPP)-based real-time-kinematic (RTK) method attracts increasing attention from both academia and industry because of its potential for high accuracy positioning with a shorter convergence time compared to the traditional PPP. Besides high accuracy, integrity monitoring (IM) is indispensable for safety–critical real-time land vehicle and aviation applications. As the traditional advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM) method is designed for (smoothed) pseudorange-based positioning, the complexity of multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK using carrier phase measurements has not been given sufficient consideration. This study proposes an IM scheme for multi-frequency multi-constellation uncombined PPP-RTK applying the ARAIM theory, with a new comprehensive threat model to accommodate not only pseudorange measurements, but also carrier phase measurements, and other fault events arising from the network corrections that support PPP-RTK. Characteristics of different types of faults are analyzed with the aid of numerical experiments. In addition, the impact of ambiguity-fixed solutions on PPP-RTK integrity performance is investigated. The authors have also conducted case studies, including static and real-kinematic positioning experiments. Experiments have demonstrated that fast convergence in accuracy and the position error bounds, or protection levels, with a given integrity risk, in horizontal position components of PPP-RTK could be achieved. For the open sky environments on a highway, the protection levels estimated by PPP-RTK solutions have the potential to meet the alert limit requirement for road transportation using ambiguity-fixed PPP-RTK positioning under the assumption that the risks of wrong ambiguity fixing are very small and can be ignored. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:40:06Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-93503 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:40:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-935032023-11-13T05:12:36Z Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK Zhang, W. Wang, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed Rizos, C. The precise point positioning (PPP)-based real-time-kinematic (RTK) method attracts increasing attention from both academia and industry because of its potential for high accuracy positioning with a shorter convergence time compared to the traditional PPP. Besides high accuracy, integrity monitoring (IM) is indispensable for safety–critical real-time land vehicle and aviation applications. As the traditional advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM) method is designed for (smoothed) pseudorange-based positioning, the complexity of multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK using carrier phase measurements has not been given sufficient consideration. This study proposes an IM scheme for multi-frequency multi-constellation uncombined PPP-RTK applying the ARAIM theory, with a new comprehensive threat model to accommodate not only pseudorange measurements, but also carrier phase measurements, and other fault events arising from the network corrections that support PPP-RTK. Characteristics of different types of faults are analyzed with the aid of numerical experiments. In addition, the impact of ambiguity-fixed solutions on PPP-RTK integrity performance is investigated. The authors have also conducted case studies, including static and real-kinematic positioning experiments. Experiments have demonstrated that fast convergence in accuracy and the position error bounds, or protection levels, with a given integrity risk, in horizontal position components of PPP-RTK could be achieved. For the open sky environments on a highway, the protection levels estimated by PPP-RTK solutions have the potential to meet the alert limit requirement for road transportation using ambiguity-fixed PPP-RTK positioning under the assumption that the risks of wrong ambiguity fixing are very small and can be ignored. 2023 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93503 10.1007/s10291-022-01391-4 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170103341 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Zhang, W. Wang, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed Rizos, C. Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK |
| title | Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK |
| title_full | Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK |
| title_fullStr | Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK |
| title_short | Integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation PPP-RTK |
| title_sort | integrity monitoring scheme for undifferenced and uncombined multi-frequency multi-constellation ppp-rtk |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170103341 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/93503 |