CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities
CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system (GIS), and it is essential for digital twin and smart city applications. The new CityGML 3.0 has been released for a while, but i...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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MDPI AG
2023
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/92732 |
| _version_ | 1848765658981990400 |
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| author | Yi, Tan Liang, Ying Zhu, Junxiang |
| author_facet | Yi, Tan Liang, Ying Zhu, Junxiang |
| author_sort | Yi, Tan |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system (GIS), and it is essential for digital twin and smart city applications. The new CityGML 3.0 has been released for a while, but it is still not clear whether its new features bring new challenges or opportunities to this research topic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the state of the art of CityGML in BIM/GIS integration and to investigate the potential influence of CityGML3.0 on BIM/GIS integration. To achieve this aim, this study used a systematic literature review approach. In total, 136 papers from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. The main findings of this review are as follows: (1) There are several challenging problems in the IFC-to-CityGML conversion, including LoD (Level of Detail) mapping, solid-to-surface conversion, and semantic mapping. (2) The ‘space’ concept and the new LoD concept in CityGML 3.0 can bring new opportunities to LoD mapping and solid-to-surface conversion. (3) The Versioning module and the Dynamizer module can add dynamic semantics to the CityGML. (4) Graph techniques and scan-to-BIM offer new perspectives for facilitating the use of CityGM |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:38:45Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-92732 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:38:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-927322023-07-27T08:14:25Z CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities Yi, Tan Liang, Ying Zhu, Junxiang CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system (GIS), and it is essential for digital twin and smart city applications. The new CityGML 3.0 has been released for a while, but it is still not clear whether its new features bring new challenges or opportunities to this research topic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the state of the art of CityGML in BIM/GIS integration and to investigate the potential influence of CityGML3.0 on BIM/GIS integration. To achieve this aim, this study used a systematic literature review approach. In total, 136 papers from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. The main findings of this review are as follows: (1) There are several challenging problems in the IFC-to-CityGML conversion, including LoD (Level of Detail) mapping, solid-to-surface conversion, and semantic mapping. (2) The ‘space’ concept and the new LoD concept in CityGML 3.0 can bring new opportunities to LoD mapping and solid-to-surface conversion. (3) The Versioning module and the Dynamizer module can add dynamic semantics to the CityGML. (4) Graph techniques and scan-to-BIM offer new perspectives for facilitating the use of CityGM 2023 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/92732 10.3390/buildings13071758 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ MDPI AG fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Yi, Tan Liang, Ying Zhu, Junxiang CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title | CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_full | CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_fullStr | CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed | CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_short | CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_sort | citygml in the integration of bim and the gis: challenges and opportunities |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/92732 |