Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface
Biodiesel is created through the transesterification of fats/oils and its usage is increasing worldwide as global warming concerns increase. Biodiesel fuel properties change depending on the feedstock used to create it. The aim of this study was to assess the different toxicological properties of bi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
ELSEVIER
2022
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S004896972202109X http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/91632 |
| _version_ | 1848765564073279488 |
|---|---|
| author | Landwehr, K.R. Hillas, J. Mead-Hunter, Ryan King, A. O'Leary, R.A. Kicic, Anthony Mullins, Ben Larcombe, Alexander |
| author_facet | Landwehr, K.R. Hillas, J. Mead-Hunter, Ryan King, A. O'Leary, R.A. Kicic, Anthony Mullins, Ben Larcombe, Alexander |
| author_sort | Landwehr, K.R. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Biodiesel is created through the transesterification of fats/oils and its usage is increasing worldwide as global warming concerns increase. Biodiesel fuel properties change depending on the feedstock used to create it. The aim of this study was to assess the different toxicological properties of biodiesel exhausts created from different feedstocks using a complex 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) model that mimics the human airway. Primary human airway epithelial cells were grown at ALI until full differentiation was achieved. Cells were then exposed to 1/20 diluted exhaust from an engine running on Diesel (ULSD), pure or 20% blended Canola biodiesel and pure or 20% blended Tallow biodiesel, or Air for control. Exhaust was analysed for various physio-chemical properties and 24-h after exposure, ALI cultures were assessed for permeability, protein release and mediator response. All measured exhaust components were within industry safety standards. ULSD contained the highest concentrations of various combustion gases. We found no differences in terms of particle characteristics for any of the tested exhausts, likely due to the high dilution used. Exposure to Tallow B100 and B20 induced increased permeability in the ALI culture and the greatest increase in mediator response in both the apical and basal compartments. In contrast, Canola B100 and B20 did not impact permeability and induced the smallest mediator response. All exhausts but Canola B20 induced increased protein release, indicating epithelial damage. Despite the concentrations of all exhausts used in this study meeting industry safety regulations, we found significant toxic effects. Tallow biodiesel was found to be the most toxic of the tested fuels and Canola the least, both for blended and pure biodiesel fuels. This suggests that the feedstock biodiesel is made from is crucial for the resulting health effects of exhaust exposure, even when not comprising the majority of fuel composition. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:37:15Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-91632 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:37:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | ELSEVIER |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-916322024-02-06T04:54:59Z Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface Landwehr, K.R. Hillas, J. Mead-Hunter, Ryan King, A. O'Leary, R.A. Kicic, Anthony Mullins, Ben Larcombe, Alexander Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Exhaust toxicology Biodiesel health effects Air-liquid Interface Exhaust exposure Biodiesel exhaust Primary human cell culture 28-DAY INHALATION EXPOSURE DIESEL-ENGINE EXHAUST OXIDATIVE STRESS PARTICULATE MATTER 2ND-GENERATION BIODIESEL IN-VITRO SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION BARRIER INTEGRITY TREATMENT DEVICES PETRODIESEL FUEL Air-liquid Interface Biodiesel exhaust Biodiesel health effects Exhaust exposure Exhaust toxicology Primary human cell culture Air Pollutants Biofuels Epithelial Cells Gasoline Humans Particulate Matter Vehicle Emissions WAERP Epithelial Cells Humans Air Pollutants Gasoline Vehicle Emissions Particulate Matter Biofuels Biodiesel is created through the transesterification of fats/oils and its usage is increasing worldwide as global warming concerns increase. Biodiesel fuel properties change depending on the feedstock used to create it. The aim of this study was to assess the different toxicological properties of biodiesel exhausts created from different feedstocks using a complex 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) model that mimics the human airway. Primary human airway epithelial cells were grown at ALI until full differentiation was achieved. Cells were then exposed to 1/20 diluted exhaust from an engine running on Diesel (ULSD), pure or 20% blended Canola biodiesel and pure or 20% blended Tallow biodiesel, or Air for control. Exhaust was analysed for various physio-chemical properties and 24-h after exposure, ALI cultures were assessed for permeability, protein release and mediator response. All measured exhaust components were within industry safety standards. ULSD contained the highest concentrations of various combustion gases. We found no differences in terms of particle characteristics for any of the tested exhausts, likely due to the high dilution used. Exposure to Tallow B100 and B20 induced increased permeability in the ALI culture and the greatest increase in mediator response in both the apical and basal compartments. In contrast, Canola B100 and B20 did not impact permeability and induced the smallest mediator response. All exhausts but Canola B20 induced increased protein release, indicating epithelial damage. Despite the concentrations of all exhausts used in this study meeting industry safety regulations, we found significant toxic effects. Tallow biodiesel was found to be the most toxic of the tested fuels and Canola the least, both for blended and pure biodiesel fuels. This suggests that the feedstock biodiesel is made from is crucial for the resulting health effects of exhaust exposure, even when not comprising the majority of fuel composition. 2022 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/91632 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155016 English https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S004896972202109X http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170104346 ELSEVIER fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Exhaust toxicology Biodiesel health effects Air-liquid Interface Exhaust exposure Biodiesel exhaust Primary human cell culture 28-DAY INHALATION EXPOSURE DIESEL-ENGINE EXHAUST OXIDATIVE STRESS PARTICULATE MATTER 2ND-GENERATION BIODIESEL IN-VITRO SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION BARRIER INTEGRITY TREATMENT DEVICES PETRODIESEL FUEL Air-liquid Interface Biodiesel exhaust Biodiesel health effects Exhaust exposure Exhaust toxicology Primary human cell culture Air Pollutants Biofuels Epithelial Cells Gasoline Humans Particulate Matter Vehicle Emissions WAERP Epithelial Cells Humans Air Pollutants Gasoline Vehicle Emissions Particulate Matter Biofuels Landwehr, K.R. Hillas, J. Mead-Hunter, Ryan King, A. O'Leary, R.A. Kicic, Anthony Mullins, Ben Larcombe, Alexander Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| title | Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| title_full | Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| title_short | Toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| title_sort | toxicity of different biodiesel exhausts in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface |
| topic | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Exhaust toxicology Biodiesel health effects Air-liquid Interface Exhaust exposure Biodiesel exhaust Primary human cell culture 28-DAY INHALATION EXPOSURE DIESEL-ENGINE EXHAUST OXIDATIVE STRESS PARTICULATE MATTER 2ND-GENERATION BIODIESEL IN-VITRO SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION BARRIER INTEGRITY TREATMENT DEVICES PETRODIESEL FUEL Air-liquid Interface Biodiesel exhaust Biodiesel health effects Exhaust exposure Exhaust toxicology Primary human cell culture Air Pollutants Biofuels Epithelial Cells Gasoline Humans Particulate Matter Vehicle Emissions WAERP Epithelial Cells Humans Air Pollutants Gasoline Vehicle Emissions Particulate Matter Biofuels |
| url | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S004896972202109X https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S004896972202109X http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/91632 |