Diffusion Smoothing for Spatial Point Patterns

Traditional kernel methods for estimating the spatially-varying density of points in a spatial point pattern may exhibit unrealistic artefacts,in addition to the familiar problems of bias and over or under-smoothing.Performance can be improved by using diffusion smoothing, in which thesmoothing kern...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Baddeley, Adrian, Davies, Tilman M, Rakshit, Suman, Nair, Gopalan, McSwiggan, Greg
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Institute of Mathematical Statistics 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP130104470
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/91583
Description
Summary:Traditional kernel methods for estimating the spatially-varying density of points in a spatial point pattern may exhibit unrealistic artefacts,in addition to the familiar problems of bias and over or under-smoothing.Performance can be improved by using diffusion smoothing, in which thesmoothing kernel is the heat kernel on the spatial domain. This paper developsdiffusion smoothing into a practical statistical methodology for twodimensionalspatial point pattern data. We clarify the advantages and disadvantagesof diffusion smoothing over Gaussian kernel smoothing. Adaptivesmoothing, where the smoothing bandwidth is spatially-varying, can beperformed by adopting a spatially-varying diffusion rate: this avoids technicalproblems with adaptive Gaussian smoothing and has substantially betterperformance. We introduce a new form of adaptive smoothing using laggedarrival times, which has good performance and improved robustness. Applicationsin archaeology and epidemiology are demonstrated. The methods areimplemented in open-source R code