The supercontinent cycle
Supercontinents signify self-organization in plate tectonics. Over the past ~2 billion years, three major supercontinents have been identified, with increasing age: Pangaea, Rodinia and Columbia. In a prototypal form, a cyclic pattern of continental assembly and breakup likely extends back to ~3 bil...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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SPRINGERNATURE
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/335509 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/90590 |
| _version_ | 1848765396397588480 |
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| author | Mitchell, R.N. Zhang, Nan Salminen, J. Liu, Yebo Spencer, Christopher Steinberger, B. Murphy, J.B. Li, Zheng-Xiang |
| author_facet | Mitchell, R.N. Zhang, Nan Salminen, J. Liu, Yebo Spencer, Christopher Steinberger, B. Murphy, J.B. Li, Zheng-Xiang |
| author_sort | Mitchell, R.N. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Supercontinents signify self-organization in plate tectonics. Over the past ~2 billion years, three major supercontinents have been identified, with increasing age: Pangaea, Rodinia and Columbia. In a prototypal form, a cyclic pattern of continental assembly and breakup likely extends back to ~3 billion years ago, albeit on the smaller scale of Archaean supercratons, which, unlike global supercontinents, were tectonically segregated. In this Review, we discuss how the emergence of supercontinents provides a minimum age for the onset of the modern global plate tectonic network, whereas Archaean supercratons might reflect an earlier geodynamic and nascent tectonic regime. The assembly and breakup of Pangaea attests that the supercontinent cycle is intimately linked with whole-mantle convection. The supercontinent cycle is, consequently, interpreted as both an effect and a cause of mantle convection, emphasizing the importance of both top-down and bottom-up geodynamics, and the coupling between them. However, the nature of this coupling and how it has evolved remains controversial, resulting in contrasting models of supercontinent formation, which can be tested by quantitative geodynamic modelling and geochemical proxies. Specifically, which oceans close to create a supercontinent, and how such predictions are linked to mantle convection, are directions for future research. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:34:35Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-90590 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:34:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | SPRINGERNATURE |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-905902023-03-24T05:25:24Z The supercontinent cycle Mitchell, R.N. Zhang, Nan Salminen, J. Liu, Yebo Spencer, Christopher Steinberger, B. Murphy, J.B. Li, Zheng-Xiang Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Environmental Sciences Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Environmental Sciences & Ecology Geology TRUE POLAR WANDER LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES PLATE-TECTONICS MANTLE CONVECTION BILLION YEARS BREAK-UP MESOPROTEROZOIC SUPERCONTINENT FUTURE SUPERCONTINENT ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN VELOCITY PROVINCES Supercontinents signify self-organization in plate tectonics. Over the past ~2 billion years, three major supercontinents have been identified, with increasing age: Pangaea, Rodinia and Columbia. In a prototypal form, a cyclic pattern of continental assembly and breakup likely extends back to ~3 billion years ago, albeit on the smaller scale of Archaean supercratons, which, unlike global supercontinents, were tectonically segregated. In this Review, we discuss how the emergence of supercontinents provides a minimum age for the onset of the modern global plate tectonic network, whereas Archaean supercratons might reflect an earlier geodynamic and nascent tectonic regime. The assembly and breakup of Pangaea attests that the supercontinent cycle is intimately linked with whole-mantle convection. The supercontinent cycle is, consequently, interpreted as both an effect and a cause of mantle convection, emphasizing the importance of both top-down and bottom-up geodynamics, and the coupling between them. However, the nature of this coupling and how it has evolved remains controversial, resulting in contrasting models of supercontinent formation, which can be tested by quantitative geodynamic modelling and geochemical proxies. Specifically, which oceans close to create a supercontinent, and how such predictions are linked to mantle convection, are directions for future research. 2021 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/90590 10.1038/s43017-021-00160-0 English https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/335509 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FL150100133 SPRINGERNATURE fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Environmental Sciences Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Environmental Sciences & Ecology Geology TRUE POLAR WANDER LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES PLATE-TECTONICS MANTLE CONVECTION BILLION YEARS BREAK-UP MESOPROTEROZOIC SUPERCONTINENT FUTURE SUPERCONTINENT ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN VELOCITY PROVINCES Mitchell, R.N. Zhang, Nan Salminen, J. Liu, Yebo Spencer, Christopher Steinberger, B. Murphy, J.B. Li, Zheng-Xiang The supercontinent cycle |
| title | The supercontinent cycle |
| title_full | The supercontinent cycle |
| title_fullStr | The supercontinent cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed | The supercontinent cycle |
| title_short | The supercontinent cycle |
| title_sort | supercontinent cycle |
| topic | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Environmental Sciences Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Environmental Sciences & Ecology Geology TRUE POLAR WANDER LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES PLATE-TECTONICS MANTLE CONVECTION BILLION YEARS BREAK-UP MESOPROTEROZOIC SUPERCONTINENT FUTURE SUPERCONTINENT ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN VELOCITY PROVINCES |
| url | https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/335509 https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/335509 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/90590 |