Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation
Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites benefit future ground-based positioning with their high number, strong signal strength and high speed. The rapid geometry change with the LEO augmentation offers acceleration of the convergence of the precision point positioning (PPP) solution. This contribution disc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2022
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190102444 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89286 |
| _version_ | 1848765195726356480 |
|---|---|
| author | Wang, Kan El-Mowafy, Ahmed Wang, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. |
| author_facet | Wang, Kan El-Mowafy, Ahmed Wang, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. |
| author_sort | Wang, Kan |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites benefit future ground-based positioning with their high number, strong signal strength and high speed. The rapid geometry change with the LEO augmentation offers acceleration of the convergence of the precision point positioning (PPP) solution. This contribution discusses the influences of the LEO augmentation on the precise point positioning—real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) positioning and its integrity monitoring. Using 1 Hz simulated data around Beijing for global positioning system (GPS)/Galileo/Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS)-3 and the tested LEO constellation with 150 satellites on L1/L5, it was found that the convergence of the formal horizontal precision can be significantly shortened in the ambiguity-float case, especially for the single-constellation scenarios with low precision of the interpolated ionospheric delays. The LEO augmentation also improves the efficiency of the user ambiguity resolution and the formal horizontal precision with the ambiguities fixed. Using the integrity monitoring (IM) procedure introduced in the first part of this series of papers, the ambiguity-float horizontal protection levels (HPLs) are sharply reduced in various tested scenarios, with an improvement of more than 60% from 5 to 30 min after the processing start. The ambiguity-fixed HPLs can generally be improved by 10% to 60% with the LEO augmentation, depending on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) constellations used and the precision of the ionospheric interpolation. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:31:24Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-89286 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:31:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-892862022-09-23T05:16:34Z Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation Wang, Kan El-Mowafy, Ahmed Wang, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Technology Environmental Sciences Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Remote Sensing Imaging Science & Photographic Technology Environmental Sciences & Ecology Geology integrity monitoring PPP-RTK LEO GNSS L5 SATELLITES SERVICE Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites benefit future ground-based positioning with their high number, strong signal strength and high speed. The rapid geometry change with the LEO augmentation offers acceleration of the convergence of the precision point positioning (PPP) solution. This contribution discusses the influences of the LEO augmentation on the precise point positioning—real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) positioning and its integrity monitoring. Using 1 Hz simulated data around Beijing for global positioning system (GPS)/Galileo/Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS)-3 and the tested LEO constellation with 150 satellites on L1/L5, it was found that the convergence of the formal horizontal precision can be significantly shortened in the ambiguity-float case, especially for the single-constellation scenarios with low precision of the interpolated ionospheric delays. The LEO augmentation also improves the efficiency of the user ambiguity resolution and the formal horizontal precision with the ambiguities fixed. Using the integrity monitoring (IM) procedure introduced in the first part of this series of papers, the ambiguity-float horizontal protection levels (HPLs) are sharply reduced in various tested scenarios, with an improvement of more than 60% from 5 to 30 min after the processing start. The ambiguity-fixed HPLs can generally be improved by 10% to 60% with the LEO augmentation, depending on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) constellations used and the precision of the ionospheric interpolation. 2022 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89286 10.3390/rs14071599 English http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190102444 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ MDPI fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Technology Environmental Sciences Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Remote Sensing Imaging Science & Photographic Technology Environmental Sciences & Ecology Geology integrity monitoring PPP-RTK LEO GNSS L5 SATELLITES SERVICE Wang, Kan El-Mowafy, Ahmed Wang, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation |
| title | Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation |
| title_full | Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation |
| title_fullStr | Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation |
| title_short | Integrity Monitoring of PPP-RTK Positioning; Part II: LEO Augmentation |
| title_sort | integrity monitoring of ppp-rtk positioning; part ii: leo augmentation |
| topic | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Physical Sciences Technology Environmental Sciences Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Remote Sensing Imaging Science & Photographic Technology Environmental Sciences & Ecology Geology integrity monitoring PPP-RTK LEO GNSS L5 SATELLITES SERVICE |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190102444 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89286 |