Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling
People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been identified as a key at-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). Examination of illicit drug use networks has potential to assess the risk of TB exposure and disease progression. Research also is needed to assess mechanisms for accelerated TB transmission in th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2022
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88961 |
| _version_ | 1848765125426675712 |
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| author | Carney, T. Rooney, J.A. Niemand, N. Myers-Franchi, Bronwyn Theron, D. Wood, R. White, L.F. Meade, C.S. Chegou, N.N. Ragan, E. Walzl, G. Horsburgh, R. Warren, R.M. Jacobson, K.R. |
| author_facet | Carney, T. Rooney, J.A. Niemand, N. Myers-Franchi, Bronwyn Theron, D. Wood, R. White, L.F. Meade, C.S. Chegou, N.N. Ragan, E. Walzl, G. Horsburgh, R. Warren, R.M. Jacobson, K.R. |
| author_sort | Carney, T. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been identified as a key at-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). Examination of illicit drug use networks has potential to assess the risk of TB exposure and disease progression. Research also is needed to assess mechanisms for accelerated TB transmission in this population. This study aims to 1) assess the rate of TB exposure, risk of disease progression, and disease burden among PWUD; 2) estimate the proportion of active TB cases resulting from recent transmission within this network; and 3) evaluate whether PWUD with TB disease have physiologic characteristics associated with more efficient TB transmission. Our cross-sectional, observational study aims to assess TB transmission through illicit drug use networks, focusing on methamphetamine and Mandrax (methaqualone) use, in a high TB burden setting and identify mechanisms underlying accelerated transmission. We will recruit and enroll 750 PWUD (living with and without HIV) through respondent driven sampling in Worcester, South Africa. Drug use will be measured through self-report and biological measures, with sputum specimens collected to identify TB disease by Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) and mycobacterial culture. We will co-enroll those with microbiologic evidence of TB disease in Aim 2 for molecular and social network study. Whole genome sequencing of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) specimens and social contact surveys will be done for those diagnosed with TB. For Aim 3, aerosolized Mtb will be compared in individuals with newly diagnosed TB who do and do not smoke illicit drug. Knowledge from this study will provide the basis for a strategy to interrupt TB transmission in PWUD and provide insight into how this fuels overall community transmission. Results have potential for informing interventions to reduce TB spread applicable to high TB and HIV burden settings. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:30:17Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-88961 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | eng |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:30:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-889612022-08-22T06:46:21Z Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling Carney, T. Rooney, J.A. Niemand, N. Myers-Franchi, Bronwyn Theron, D. Wood, R. White, L.F. Meade, C.S. Chegou, N.N. Ragan, E. Walzl, G. Horsburgh, R. Warren, R.M. Jacobson, K.R. Adolescent Adult Contact Tracing Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Bacterial Diphenhydramine Drug Combinations Drug Users Female Humans Male Methamphetamine Methaqualone Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Registries South Africa Sputum Surveys and Questionnaires Tuberculosis Young Adult People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have been identified as a key at-risk group for tuberculosis (TB). Examination of illicit drug use networks has potential to assess the risk of TB exposure and disease progression. Research also is needed to assess mechanisms for accelerated TB transmission in this population. This study aims to 1) assess the rate of TB exposure, risk of disease progression, and disease burden among PWUD; 2) estimate the proportion of active TB cases resulting from recent transmission within this network; and 3) evaluate whether PWUD with TB disease have physiologic characteristics associated with more efficient TB transmission. Our cross-sectional, observational study aims to assess TB transmission through illicit drug use networks, focusing on methamphetamine and Mandrax (methaqualone) use, in a high TB burden setting and identify mechanisms underlying accelerated transmission. We will recruit and enroll 750 PWUD (living with and without HIV) through respondent driven sampling in Worcester, South Africa. Drug use will be measured through self-report and biological measures, with sputum specimens collected to identify TB disease by Xpert Ultra (Cepheid) and mycobacterial culture. We will co-enroll those with microbiologic evidence of TB disease in Aim 2 for molecular and social network study. Whole genome sequencing of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) specimens and social contact surveys will be done for those diagnosed with TB. For Aim 3, aerosolized Mtb will be compared in individuals with newly diagnosed TB who do and do not smoke illicit drug. Knowledge from this study will provide the basis for a strategy to interrupt TB transmission in PWUD and provide insight into how this fuels overall community transmission. Results have potential for informing interventions to reduce TB spread applicable to high TB and HIV burden settings. 2022 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88961 10.1371/journal.pone.0262440 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Adolescent Adult Contact Tracing Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Bacterial Diphenhydramine Drug Combinations Drug Users Female Humans Male Methamphetamine Methaqualone Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Registries South Africa Sputum Surveys and Questionnaires Tuberculosis Young Adult Carney, T. Rooney, J.A. Niemand, N. Myers-Franchi, Bronwyn Theron, D. Wood, R. White, L.F. Meade, C.S. Chegou, N.N. Ragan, E. Walzl, G. Horsburgh, R. Warren, R.M. Jacobson, K.R. Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| title | Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| title_full | Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| title_fullStr | Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| title_short | Transmission Of Tuberculosis Among illicit drug use Linkages (TOTAL): A cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| title_sort | transmission of tuberculosis among illicit drug use linkages (total): a cross-sectional observational study protocol using respondent driven sampling |
| topic | Adolescent Adult Contact Tracing Cross-Sectional Studies DNA, Bacterial Diphenhydramine Drug Combinations Drug Users Female Humans Male Methamphetamine Methaqualone Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reagent Kits, Diagnostic Registries South Africa Sputum Surveys and Questionnaires Tuberculosis Young Adult |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88961 |