Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease
Cognitive impairment is acknowledged as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the most common cognitive declines are in executive function (EF) and memory. Cognitive reserve (CR) may offer some protection against cognitive dysfunction in PD. The present study used two proxies of CR (years of ed...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88169 |
| _version_ | 1848764975075557376 |
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| author | Loftus, Andrea Gasson, Natalie Lopez, Nicole Sellner, Michelle Reid, Carly Cocks, Naomi Lawrence, Blake |
| author_facet | Loftus, Andrea Gasson, Natalie Lopez, Nicole Sellner, Michelle Reid, Carly Cocks, Naomi Lawrence, Blake |
| author_sort | Loftus, Andrea |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Cognitive impairment is acknowledged as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the most common cognitive declines are in executive function (EF) and memory. Cognitive reserve (CR) may offer some protection against cognitive dysfunction in PD. The present study used two proxies of CR (years of education, premorbid IQ) to examine the relationship between CR and (i) EF (ii) memory in a large PD sample (n = 334). Two aspects of EF were examined, including verbal fluency and planning skills. Two aspects of verbal memory were examined, including immediate recall and delayed recall. For EF, both CR proxies significantly predicted verbal fluency, but only years of education predicted planning skills. Years of education significantly predicted immediate recall, but premorbid IQ did not. Neither CR proxy predicted delayed recall. These findings suggest that CR, in particular years of education, may contribute to EF and memory function in those with PD. A key finding of this study is the varying contribution of CR proxies to different aspects of the same cognitive domain. The findings indicate that using only one proxy has the potential to be misleading and suggest that when testing the relationship between CR and cognition, studies should include tasks that measure different aspects of the cognitive domain(s) of interest. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:27:53Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-88169 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:27:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-881692022-03-31T05:57:12Z Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease Loftus, Andrea Gasson, Natalie Lopez, Nicole Sellner, Michelle Reid, Carly Cocks, Naomi Lawrence, Blake Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Parkinson's disease cognition cognitive reserve executive function memory DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA IMPAIRMENT PERFORMANCE LIFE DEMENTIA BRAIN Cognitive impairment is acknowledged as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the most common cognitive declines are in executive function (EF) and memory. Cognitive reserve (CR) may offer some protection against cognitive dysfunction in PD. The present study used two proxies of CR (years of education, premorbid IQ) to examine the relationship between CR and (i) EF (ii) memory in a large PD sample (n = 334). Two aspects of EF were examined, including verbal fluency and planning skills. Two aspects of verbal memory were examined, including immediate recall and delayed recall. For EF, both CR proxies significantly predicted verbal fluency, but only years of education predicted planning skills. Years of education significantly predicted immediate recall, but premorbid IQ did not. Neither CR proxy predicted delayed recall. These findings suggest that CR, in particular years of education, may contribute to EF and memory function in those with PD. A key finding of this study is the varying contribution of CR proxies to different aspects of the same cognitive domain. The findings indicate that using only one proxy has the potential to be misleading and suggest that when testing the relationship between CR and cognition, studies should include tasks that measure different aspects of the cognitive domain(s) of interest. 2021 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88169 10.3390/brainsci11080992 English http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ MDPI fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Parkinson's disease cognition cognitive reserve executive function memory DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA IMPAIRMENT PERFORMANCE LIFE DEMENTIA BRAIN Loftus, Andrea Gasson, Natalie Lopez, Nicole Sellner, Michelle Reid, Carly Cocks, Naomi Lawrence, Blake Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| title | Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| title_full | Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| title_short | Cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| title_sort | cognitive reserve, executive function, and memory in parkinson’s disease |
| topic | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology Parkinson's disease cognition cognitive reserve executive function memory DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA IMPAIRMENT PERFORMANCE LIFE DEMENTIA BRAIN |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88169 |