When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts

Abnormal caudal regeneration, the production of additional tails through regeneration events, occurs in lepidosaurs as a result of incomplete autotomy or sufficient caudal wound. Despite being widely known to occur, documented events generally are limited to opportunistic single observations – hinde...

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Main Authors: Barr, James, Somaweera, R., Godfrey, S.S., Gardner, M.G., Bateman, Bill
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: WILEY 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84148
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author Barr, James
Somaweera, R.
Godfrey, S.S.
Gardner, M.G.
Bateman, Bill
author_facet Barr, James
Somaweera, R.
Godfrey, S.S.
Gardner, M.G.
Bateman, Bill
author_sort Barr, James
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Abnormal caudal regeneration, the production of additional tails through regeneration events, occurs in lepidosaurs as a result of incomplete autotomy or sufficient caudal wound. Despite being widely known to occur, documented events generally are limited to opportunistic single observations – hindering the understanding of the ecological importance of caudal regeneration. Here we compiled and reviewed a robust global database of both peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed records of abnormal regeneration events in lepidosaurs published over the last 400 years. Using this database, we qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the occurrence and characteristics of abnormal tail regeneration among individuals, among species, and among populations. We identified 425 observations from 366 records pertaining to 175 species of lepidosaurs across 22 families from 63 different countries. At an individual level, regenerations ranged from bifurcations to hexafurcations; from normal regeneration from the original tail to multiple regenerations arising from a single point; and from growth from the distal third to the proximal third of the tail. Species showing abnormal regenerations included those with intra-vertebral, inter-vertebral or no autotomy planes, indicating that abnormal regenerations evidently occur across lepidosaurs regardless of whether the species demonstrates caudal autotomy or not. Within populations, abnormal regenerations were estimated at a mean ± SD of 2.75 ± 3.41% (range 0.1–16.7%). There is a significant lack of experimental studies to understand the potential ecological impacts of regeneration on the fitness and life history of individuals and populations. We hypothesised that abnormal regeneration may affect lepidosaurs via influencing kinematics of locomotion, restrictions in escape mechanisms, anti-predation tactics, and intra- and inter-specific signalling. Behaviourally testing these hypotheses would be an important future research direction.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-841482021-08-15T23:44:20Z When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts Barr, James Somaweera, R. Godfrey, S.S. Gardner, M.G. Bateman, Bill Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Biology Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics abnormal regeneration autotomy bifid caudal furcation lizard multifurcation regeneration tail 1ST RECORD EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS GREY LITERATURE SOCIAL COST BIFID TAIL LIZARD AUTOTOMY BIFURCATION SKINK TRIFURCATION Abnormal caudal regeneration, the production of additional tails through regeneration events, occurs in lepidosaurs as a result of incomplete autotomy or sufficient caudal wound. Despite being widely known to occur, documented events generally are limited to opportunistic single observations – hindering the understanding of the ecological importance of caudal regeneration. Here we compiled and reviewed a robust global database of both peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed records of abnormal regeneration events in lepidosaurs published over the last 400 years. Using this database, we qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the occurrence and characteristics of abnormal tail regeneration among individuals, among species, and among populations. We identified 425 observations from 366 records pertaining to 175 species of lepidosaurs across 22 families from 63 different countries. At an individual level, regenerations ranged from bifurcations to hexafurcations; from normal regeneration from the original tail to multiple regenerations arising from a single point; and from growth from the distal third to the proximal third of the tail. Species showing abnormal regenerations included those with intra-vertebral, inter-vertebral or no autotomy planes, indicating that abnormal regenerations evidently occur across lepidosaurs regardless of whether the species demonstrates caudal autotomy or not. Within populations, abnormal regenerations were estimated at a mean ± SD of 2.75 ± 3.41% (range 0.1–16.7%). There is a significant lack of experimental studies to understand the potential ecological impacts of regeneration on the fitness and life history of individuals and populations. We hypothesised that abnormal regeneration may affect lepidosaurs via influencing kinematics of locomotion, restrictions in escape mechanisms, anti-predation tactics, and intra- and inter-specific signalling. Behaviourally testing these hypotheses would be an important future research direction. 2020 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84148 10.1111/brv.12625 English WILEY restricted
spellingShingle Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Biology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
abnormal regeneration
autotomy
bifid
caudal
furcation
lizard
multifurcation
regeneration
tail
1ST RECORD
EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS
GREY LITERATURE
SOCIAL COST
BIFID TAIL
LIZARD
AUTOTOMY
BIFURCATION
SKINK
TRIFURCATION
Barr, James
Somaweera, R.
Godfrey, S.S.
Gardner, M.G.
Bateman, Bill
When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
title When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
title_full When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
title_fullStr When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
title_full_unstemmed When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
title_short When one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
title_sort when one tail isn't enough: abnormal caudal regeneration in lepidosaurs and its potential ecological impacts
topic Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Biology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
abnormal regeneration
autotomy
bifid
caudal
furcation
lizard
multifurcation
regeneration
tail
1ST RECORD
EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS
GREY LITERATURE
SOCIAL COST
BIFID TAIL
LIZARD
AUTOTOMY
BIFURCATION
SKINK
TRIFURCATION
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84148