Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are molecules naturally produced by cells. If their levels are too high, the cellular antioxidant machinery intervenes to bring back their quantity to physiological conditions. Since aging often induces malfunctioning in this machinery, ROS are considered an effectiv...

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Main Authors: Galli, Daniela, Carubbi, Cecilia, Masselli, Elena, Vaccarezza, Mauro, Presta, Valentina, Pozzi, Giulia, Ambrosini, Luca, Gobbi, Giuliana, Vitale, Marco, Mirandola, Prisco
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82821
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author Galli, Daniela
Carubbi, Cecilia
Masselli, Elena
Vaccarezza, Mauro
Presta, Valentina
Pozzi, Giulia
Ambrosini, Luca
Gobbi, Giuliana
Vitale, Marco
Mirandola, Prisco
author_facet Galli, Daniela
Carubbi, Cecilia
Masselli, Elena
Vaccarezza, Mauro
Presta, Valentina
Pozzi, Giulia
Ambrosini, Luca
Gobbi, Giuliana
Vitale, Marco
Mirandola, Prisco
author_sort Galli, Daniela
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are molecules naturally produced by cells. If their levels are too high, the cellular antioxidant machinery intervenes to bring back their quantity to physiological conditions. Since aging often induces malfunctioning in this machinery, ROS are considered an effective cause of age-associated diseases. Exercise stimulates ROS production on one side, and the antioxidant systems on the other side. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress markers have been shown in blood, vascular tissue, brain, cardiac and skeletal muscle, both in young and aged people. However, the intensity and volume of exercise and the individual subject characteristics are important to envisage future strategies to adequately personalize the balance of the oxidant/antioxidant environment. Here, we reviewed the literature that deals with the effects of physical activity on redox balance in young and aged people, with insights into the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many molecular pathways are involved, we are still far from a comprehensive view of the mechanisms that stand behind the effects of physical activity during aging. Although we believe that future precision medicine will be able to transform exercise administration from wellness to targeted prevention, as yet we admit that the topic is still in its infancy.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-828212021-03-26T04:35:09Z Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms Galli, Daniela Carubbi, Cecilia Masselli, Elena Vaccarezza, Mauro Presta, Valentina Pozzi, Giulia Ambrosini, Luca Gobbi, Giuliana Vitale, Marco Mirandola, Prisco Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are molecules naturally produced by cells. If their levels are too high, the cellular antioxidant machinery intervenes to bring back their quantity to physiological conditions. Since aging often induces malfunctioning in this machinery, ROS are considered an effective cause of age-associated diseases. Exercise stimulates ROS production on one side, and the antioxidant systems on the other side. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress markers have been shown in blood, vascular tissue, brain, cardiac and skeletal muscle, both in young and aged people. However, the intensity and volume of exercise and the individual subject characteristics are important to envisage future strategies to adequately personalize the balance of the oxidant/antioxidant environment. Here, we reviewed the literature that deals with the effects of physical activity on redox balance in young and aged people, with insights into the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many molecular pathways are involved, we are still far from a comprehensive view of the mechanisms that stand behind the effects of physical activity during aging. Although we believe that future precision medicine will be able to transform exercise administration from wellness to targeted prevention, as yet we admit that the topic is still in its infancy. 2021 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82821 10.3390/app11052228 English http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ MDPI AG fulltext
spellingShingle Galli, Daniela
Carubbi, Cecilia
Masselli, Elena
Vaccarezza, Mauro
Presta, Valentina
Pozzi, Giulia
Ambrosini, Luca
Gobbi, Giuliana
Vitale, Marco
Mirandola, Prisco
Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms
title Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms
title_full Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms
title_fullStr Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms
title_short Physical Activity and Redox Balance in the Elderly: Signal Transduction Mechanisms
title_sort physical activity and redox balance in the elderly: signal transduction mechanisms
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82821