Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications
© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Hydrogen and ammonia have attracted attention as potential energy vectors due to their abundance and minimal environmental impact when used as a fuel source. To be a commercially viable alternative to fossil fuels, gaseous fuel sources must adhere to a w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE0989180 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82095 |
| _version_ | 1848764473339281408 |
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| author | Stewart, Helen Humphries, Terry Sheppard, Drew Tortoza, Mariana Sofianos, M. Veronica Liu, Shaomin Buckley, Craig |
| author_facet | Stewart, Helen Humphries, Terry Sheppard, Drew Tortoza, Mariana Sofianos, M. Veronica Liu, Shaomin Buckley, Craig |
| author_sort | Stewart, Helen |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Hydrogen and ammonia have attracted attention as potential energy vectors due to their abundance and minimal environmental impact when used as a fuel source. To be a commercially viable alternative to fossil fuels, gaseous fuel sources must adhere to a wide range of standards specifying hydrogen delivery temperature, gravimetric capacity and cost. In this article, an ammonium chloride-metal hydride reaction cycle that enables the solid thermal decomposition products to be recycled using industrial processes is proposed. A range of metal hydrides and metal amides were reacted with ammonium chloride to determine the reaction pathways, products and overall feasibility of the cycle. The NH 4 Cl-MH (MH = metal hydride) and NH 4 Cl-MNH 2 (MNH 2 = metal amide) mixtures were heated to temperatures of up to 500 °C. The resulting products were experimentally characterised using temperature program desorption residual gas analysis, simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis and in situ powder X-ray diffraction. Similar analysis was undertaken to determine the effect of catalyst addition to the starting materials. A maximum yield of 41 wt% of hydrogen and ammonia gas mixtures were released from the NH 4 Cl-MH materials at a maximum yield of 41 wt%. This exceptional gravimetric capacity allows for volumetric gas densities (363-657 kg m -3 ) that are much higher than pure NH 3 , H 2 or metal hydride materials. Overall, this reaction cycle allows carbon-neutral regeneration of the starting materials, making it a potential sustainable energy option. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:19:55Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-82095 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:19:55Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-820952021-02-16T02:40:27Z Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications Stewart, Helen Humphries, Terry Sheppard, Drew Tortoza, Mariana Sofianos, M. Veronica Liu, Shaomin Buckley, Craig Science & Technology Physical Sciences Technology Chemistry, Physical Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Materials Science HYDROGEN-STORAGE THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES COMPLEX HYDRIDES ENERGY DIFFRACTION COMPOSITES COMBUSTION TRANSITION EXPANSION © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Hydrogen and ammonia have attracted attention as potential energy vectors due to their abundance and minimal environmental impact when used as a fuel source. To be a commercially viable alternative to fossil fuels, gaseous fuel sources must adhere to a wide range of standards specifying hydrogen delivery temperature, gravimetric capacity and cost. In this article, an ammonium chloride-metal hydride reaction cycle that enables the solid thermal decomposition products to be recycled using industrial processes is proposed. A range of metal hydrides and metal amides were reacted with ammonium chloride to determine the reaction pathways, products and overall feasibility of the cycle. The NH 4 Cl-MH (MH = metal hydride) and NH 4 Cl-MNH 2 (MNH 2 = metal amide) mixtures were heated to temperatures of up to 500 °C. The resulting products were experimentally characterised using temperature program desorption residual gas analysis, simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis and in situ powder X-ray diffraction. Similar analysis was undertaken to determine the effect of catalyst addition to the starting materials. A maximum yield of 41 wt% of hydrogen and ammonia gas mixtures were released from the NH 4 Cl-MH materials at a maximum yield of 41 wt%. This exceptional gravimetric capacity allows for volumetric gas densities (363-657 kg m -3 ) that are much higher than pure NH 3 , H 2 or metal hydride materials. Overall, this reaction cycle allows carbon-neutral regeneration of the starting materials, making it a potential sustainable energy option. 2019 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82095 10.1039/c9ta00192a English http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE0989180 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP150100730 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP120101848 ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Science & Technology Physical Sciences Technology Chemistry, Physical Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Materials Science HYDROGEN-STORAGE THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES COMPLEX HYDRIDES ENERGY DIFFRACTION COMPOSITES COMBUSTION TRANSITION EXPANSION Stewart, Helen Humphries, Terry Sheppard, Drew Tortoza, Mariana Sofianos, M. Veronica Liu, Shaomin Buckley, Craig Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| title | Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| title_full | Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| title_fullStr | Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| title_short | Ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| title_sort | ammonium chloride-metal hydride based reaction cycle for vehicular applications |
| topic | Science & Technology Physical Sciences Technology Chemistry, Physical Energy & Fuels Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Chemistry Materials Science HYDROGEN-STORAGE THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES COMPLEX HYDRIDES ENERGY DIFFRACTION COMPOSITES COMBUSTION TRANSITION EXPANSION |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE0989180 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE0989180 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE0989180 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82095 |