Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils
Soil contamination by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) such as Cadmium (Cd), is a major environmental concern because of its potential implications to human health. Cacao-based products have been identified as food sources with relatively high Cd contents. Here, we assessed Cd concentrations...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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MDPI AG
2020
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| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE180100570 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81431 |
| _version_ | 1848764364759236608 |
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| author | Scaccabarozzi, Daniela Castillo, Luis Aromatisi, Andrea Milne, Lynne Búllon Castillo, Adolfo Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam |
| author_facet | Scaccabarozzi, Daniela Castillo, Luis Aromatisi, Andrea Milne, Lynne Búllon Castillo, Adolfo Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam |
| author_sort | Scaccabarozzi, Daniela |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Soil contamination by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) such as Cadmium (Cd), is a major environmental concern because of its potential implications to human health. Cacao-based products have been identified as food sources with relatively high Cd contents. Here, we assessed Cd concentrations of cacao-growing soils in four major agricultural regions with contrasting climates in Peru, one of the main exporters of cacao products worldwide. At each study site (n = 40) a broad range of potential factors affecting Cd concentration in soils, i.e., site, soil and management, were evaluated. Concentrations of Cd ranged between 1.1–3.2 mg kg−1. Mean values per region were below 2.7 mg kg−1, usually established as upper-limit for non-polluted soils. Cadmium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in sites at higher elevations and in a temperate, drier climate. Cadmium correlated positively with pH (r = 0.57; p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.001) in alluvial sediments and Leptosols. Management factors (cacao variety, cultivation year, management practices) and agroecology did not affect Cd concentrations directly. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering a broad range of both natural and anthropogenic factors to evaluate Cd concentrations in cacao-growing soils and contribute to effective and sustainable cacao production by improving land management and planning. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:18:11Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-81431 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:18:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-814312021-01-07T07:46:47Z Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils Scaccabarozzi, Daniela Castillo, Luis Aromatisi, Andrea Milne, Lynne Búllon Castillo, Adolfo Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam Soil contamination by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) such as Cadmium (Cd), is a major environmental concern because of its potential implications to human health. Cacao-based products have been identified as food sources with relatively high Cd contents. Here, we assessed Cd concentrations of cacao-growing soils in four major agricultural regions with contrasting climates in Peru, one of the main exporters of cacao products worldwide. At each study site (n = 40) a broad range of potential factors affecting Cd concentration in soils, i.e., site, soil and management, were evaluated. Concentrations of Cd ranged between 1.1–3.2 mg kg−1. Mean values per region were below 2.7 mg kg−1, usually established as upper-limit for non-polluted soils. Cadmium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in sites at higher elevations and in a temperate, drier climate. Cadmium correlated positively with pH (r = 0.57; p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.001) in alluvial sediments and Leptosols. Management factors (cacao variety, cultivation year, management practices) and agroecology did not affect Cd concentrations directly. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering a broad range of both natural and anthropogenic factors to evaluate Cd concentrations in cacao-growing soils and contribute to effective and sustainable cacao production by improving land management and planning. 2020 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81431 10.3390/agronomy10060806 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE180100570 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ MDPI AG fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Scaccabarozzi, Daniela Castillo, Luis Aromatisi, Andrea Milne, Lynne Búllon Castillo, Adolfo Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils |
| title | Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils |
| title_full | Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils |
| title_fullStr | Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils |
| title_short | Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils |
| title_sort | soil, site, and management factors affecting cadmium concentrations in cacao-growing soils |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DE180100570 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81431 |