Quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray observations of Aql X-1: Probing low luminosities

© 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society Aql X-1 is one of the best-studied neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. It was previously targeted using quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray observations during at least seven different accretion ou...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gusinskaia, N.V., Hessels, J.W.T., Degenaar, N., Deller, A.T., Miller-Jones, James, Archibald, A.M., Heinke, C.O., Moldón, J., Patruno, A., Tomsick, J.A., Wijnands, R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: OXFORD UNIV PRESS 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT140101082
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/80104
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Summary:© 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society Aql X-1 is one of the best-studied neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. It was previously targeted using quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray observations during at least seven different accretion outbursts. Such observations allow us to probe the interplay between accretion inflow (X-ray) and jet outflow (radio). Thus far, these combined observations have only covered one order of magnitude in radio and X-ray luminosity range; this means that any potential radio-X-ray luminosity correlation, LR ∝ LXβ, is not well constrained (β ≈ 0.4-0.9, based on various studies) or understood. Here we present quasi-simultaneous Very Large Array and Swift-XRT observations of Aql X-1's 2016 outburst, with which we probe one order of magnitude fainter in radio and X-ray luminosity compared to previous studies (6 × 1034 erg s−1 < LX <3 × 1035 erg s−1, i.e. the intermediate to low-luminosity regime between outburst peak and quiescence). The resulting radio non-detections indicate that Aql X-1's radio emission decays more rapidly at low X-ray luminosities than previously assumed - at least during the 2016 outburst. Assuming similar behaviour between outbursts, and combining all available data in the hard X-ray state, this can be modelled as a steep β =1.17+−003021 power-law index or as a sharp radio cut-off at LX ≲ 5 × 1035 erg s−1 (given our deep radio upper limits at X-ray luminosities below this value). We discuss these results in the context of other similar studies.