An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases
A critical overview of the various parameters, such as annealing atmospheres, pore microstructures, and pore sizes, that are critical in controlling the decomposition kinetics of Ti-based MAX phases is given in this paper. Ti-based MAX phases tend to decompose readily above 1400 °C during vacuum ann...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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mdpi
2019
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74487 |
| _version_ | 1848763288988418048 |
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| author | Low, It Meng |
| author_facet | Low, It Meng |
| author_sort | Low, It Meng |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | A critical overview of the various parameters, such as annealing atmospheres, pore microstructures, and pore sizes, that are critical in controlling the decomposition kinetics of Ti-based MAX phases is given in this paper. Ti-based MAX phases tend to decompose readily above 1400 °C during vacuum annealing to binary carbide (e.g. TiCx) or binary nitride (e.g. TiNx), primarily through the sublimation of A elements such as Al or Si, forming in a porous MXx surface layer. Arrhenius Avrami equations were used to determine the activation energy of phase decomposition and to model the kinetics of isothermal phase decomposition. Ironically, the understanding of phase decomposition via exfoliating or selective de-intercalation by chemical etching formed the catalyst for the sensational discovery of Mxenes in 2011. Other controlling parameters that also promote decomposition or degradation as reported in the literature are also briefly reviewed and these include effects of pressure and ion irradiations. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:01:05Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-74487 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:01:05Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | mdpi |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-744872019-03-14T01:54:02Z An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases Low, It Meng A critical overview of the various parameters, such as annealing atmospheres, pore microstructures, and pore sizes, that are critical in controlling the decomposition kinetics of Ti-based MAX phases is given in this paper. Ti-based MAX phases tend to decompose readily above 1400 °C during vacuum annealing to binary carbide (e.g. TiCx) or binary nitride (e.g. TiNx), primarily through the sublimation of A elements such as Al or Si, forming in a porous MXx surface layer. Arrhenius Avrami equations were used to determine the activation energy of phase decomposition and to model the kinetics of isothermal phase decomposition. Ironically, the understanding of phase decomposition via exfoliating or selective de-intercalation by chemical etching formed the catalyst for the sensational discovery of Mxenes in 2011. Other controlling parameters that also promote decomposition or degradation as reported in the literature are also briefly reviewed and these include effects of pressure and ion irradiations. 2019 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74487 10.3390/ma12030473 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ mdpi fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Low, It Meng An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases |
| title | An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases |
| title_full | An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases |
| title_short | An Overview of Parameters Controlling the Decomposition and Degradation of Ti-Based Mn+1AXn Phases |
| title_sort | overview of parameters controlling the decomposition and degradation of ti-based mn+1axn phases |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74487 |