Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes
© 2018, The Author(s). Industrial steady-flow chemical processes are generally organised as a sequence of individually optimised operations. However, this may not achieve overall optimization since material (as recycle), heat and work transfers overall may not be well balanced. We introduce the idea...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74255 |
| _version_ | 1848763222051520512 |
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| author | Glasser, Leslie Fox, J. Hildebrandt, D. Glasser, D. |
| author_facet | Glasser, Leslie Fox, J. Hildebrandt, D. Glasser, D. |
| author_sort | Glasser, Leslie |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | © 2018, The Author(s). Industrial steady-flow chemical processes are generally organised as a sequence of individually optimised operations. However, this may not achieve overall optimization since material (as recycle), heat and work transfers overall may not be well balanced. We introduce the idea of a preliminary overall thermodynamic balance to produce a reversible process, with the objective of minimising, for both economic and environmental reasons, the quality and quantity of energy used. This balance may later require adjustment to account for the realities of available materials and equipment. For this purpose, we introduce (i) a Carnot temperature, TCarnot, by which a Carnot machine (an engine which can operate as either a heat pump or a turbine) can supply the required heat at the correct temperature for a process to operate reversibly, that is with least energy, and (ii) the GH Diagram on which Carnot temperature-based processes are plotted in ?G–?H space. We demonstrate the utility of this analysis by simple application to the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia synthesis and by a sequence of operations for the synthesis of methanol. We also briefly introduce the state function exergy, which uses the natural environment as the reference base for energy in place of pure elements under standard conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:00:01Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-74255 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T11:00:01Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-742552019-07-17T02:30:27Z Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes Glasser, Leslie Fox, J. Hildebrandt, D. Glasser, D. © 2018, The Author(s). Industrial steady-flow chemical processes are generally organised as a sequence of individually optimised operations. However, this may not achieve overall optimization since material (as recycle), heat and work transfers overall may not be well balanced. We introduce the idea of a preliminary overall thermodynamic balance to produce a reversible process, with the objective of minimising, for both economic and environmental reasons, the quality and quantity of energy used. This balance may later require adjustment to account for the realities of available materials and equipment. For this purpose, we introduce (i) a Carnot temperature, TCarnot, by which a Carnot machine (an engine which can operate as either a heat pump or a turbine) can supply the required heat at the correct temperature for a process to operate reversibly, that is with least energy, and (ii) the GH Diagram on which Carnot temperature-based processes are plotted in ?G–?H space. We demonstrate the utility of this analysis by simple application to the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia synthesis and by a sequence of operations for the synthesis of methanol. We also briefly introduce the state function exergy, which uses the natural environment as the reference base for energy in place of pure elements under standard conditions. 2018 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74255 10.1007/s40090-018-0164-1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Glasser, Leslie Fox, J. Hildebrandt, D. Glasser, D. Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| title | Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| title_full | Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| title_short | Thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| title_sort | thermodynamic optimization of steady-flow industrial chemical processes |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/74255 |