Optimized PID control of propofol and remifentanil coadministration for general anesthesia
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. A closed-loop control system for the control of the depth of hypnosis in anesthesia by using propofol-remifentanil coadministration and the Bispectral Index as feedback signal is proposed. A PID controller is employed together with a fixed ratio between propofol and remifentanil...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2019
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/73977 |
| Summary: | © 2018 Elsevier B.V. A closed-loop control system for the control of the depth of hypnosis in anesthesia by using propofol-remifentanil coadministration and the Bispectral Index as feedback signal is proposed. A PID controller is employed together with a fixed ratio between propofol and remifentanil infusions. The ratio allows the anesthesiologist to control the opioid-hypnotic balance during surgery. Optimal tuning rules for the proposed controller are obtained off-line by using the particle swarm optimization method and by considering a given dataset of patients and a wide range of infusion ratios that covers a rich set of scenarios that might occur in clinical practice. Finally, a gain scheduling strategy guarantees the optimality of the performance both for the induction and the maintenance phase. A Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the robustness of the method with respect to intra- and inter-patient variability. |
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