The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects
© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Objectives: Impairment in upper cervical spine mobility is associated with cervicogenic headache severity and disability. Measures of such mobility include the flexion-rotation test (FRT), which requires full cervical flexio...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Maney Publishing
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/72807 |
| _version_ | 1848762847067111424 |
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| author | Satpute, K. Nalband, S. Hall, Toby |
| author_facet | Satpute, K. Nalband, S. Hall, Toby |
| author_sort | Satpute, K. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Objectives: Impairment in upper cervical spine mobility is associated with cervicogenic headache severity and disability. Measures of such mobility include the flexion-rotation test (FRT), which requires full cervical flexion and may be influenced by lower cervical spine dysfunction. The C0-C2 axial rotation test also evaluates upper cervical mobility but normal values and reliability have not been reported. Our objective is to determine normal values, and intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the C0-C2 axial rotation test. Methods: Two therapists independently evaluated the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test with an iPhone compass application on 32 asymptomatic subjects with mean age 40.53 (SD 11.64) years on two occasions. Measurement procedures were standardized; and order of testing randomized. Results: For the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test reliability was high (ICC > 0.88). For rater one, Mean range to the left during the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test was 45.0° (6.04) and 14.43° (2.94), respectively, while range to the right was 44.6° (6.57) and 15.44° (2.68). For the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test the standard error of measurement was at most 2°, while the minimum detectable change was at most 4°. A strong positive correlation exists between the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). Discussion: The range recorded during the C0-C2 axial rotation test and FRT have high levels of reliability when evaluated using an iPhone. The strong correlation between the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test indicate that both may be measuring similar constructs, but each test needs to be referenced to normal values. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:54:04Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-72807 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:54:04Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | Maney Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-728072018-12-13T09:33:39Z The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects Satpute, K. Nalband, S. Hall, Toby © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Objectives: Impairment in upper cervical spine mobility is associated with cervicogenic headache severity and disability. Measures of such mobility include the flexion-rotation test (FRT), which requires full cervical flexion and may be influenced by lower cervical spine dysfunction. The C0-C2 axial rotation test also evaluates upper cervical mobility but normal values and reliability have not been reported. Our objective is to determine normal values, and intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the C0-C2 axial rotation test. Methods: Two therapists independently evaluated the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test with an iPhone compass application on 32 asymptomatic subjects with mean age 40.53 (SD 11.64) years on two occasions. Measurement procedures were standardized; and order of testing randomized. Results: For the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test reliability was high (ICC > 0.88). For rater one, Mean range to the left during the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test was 45.0° (6.04) and 14.43° (2.94), respectively, while range to the right was 44.6° (6.57) and 15.44° (2.68). For the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test the standard error of measurement was at most 2°, while the minimum detectable change was at most 4°. A strong positive correlation exists between the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). Discussion: The range recorded during the C0-C2 axial rotation test and FRT have high levels of reliability when evaluated using an iPhone. The strong correlation between the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test indicate that both may be measuring similar constructs, but each test needs to be referenced to normal values. 2018 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/72807 10.1080/10669817.2018.1533195 Maney Publishing restricted |
| spellingShingle | Satpute, K. Nalband, S. Hall, Toby The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| title | The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| title_full | The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| title_fullStr | The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| title_short | The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| title_sort | c0-c2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/72807 |