Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms

Preterm infants face an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between autism during childhood and early brain development remains unexplored. We studied 84 preterm children born at < 27 weeks of gestation, who underwent neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a...

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Main Authors: Padilla, N., Eklöf, E., Mårtensson, G., Bolte, Sven, Lagercrantz, H., Ådén, U.
Format: Journal Article
Published: Oxford Uni Press Inc 2017
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67806
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author Padilla, N.
Eklöf, E.
Mårtensson, G.
Bolte, Sven
Lagercrantz, H.
Ådén, U.
author_facet Padilla, N.
Eklöf, E.
Mårtensson, G.
Bolte, Sven
Lagercrantz, H.
Ådén, U.
author_sort Padilla, N.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Preterm infants face an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between autism during childhood and early brain development remains unexplored. We studied 84 preterm children born at < 27 weeks of gestation, who underwent neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term and were screened for ASD at 6.5 years. Full-scale intelligence quotient was measured and neonatal morbidities were recorded. Structural brain morphometric studies were performed in 33 infants with high-quality MRI and no evidence of focal brain lesions. Twenty-three (27.4%) of the children tested ASD positive and 61 (72.6%) tested ASD negative. The ASD-positive group had a significantly higher frequency of neonatal complications than the ASD-negative group. In the subgroup of 33 children, the ASD infants had reduced volumes in the temporal, occipital, insular, and limbic regions and in the brain areas involved in social/behavior and salience integration. This study shows that the neonatal MRI scans of extremely preterm children, subsequently diagnosed with ASD at 6.5 years, showed brain structural alterations, localized in the regions that play a key role in the core features of autism. Early detection of these structural alterations may allow the early identification and intervention of children at risk of ASD.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-678062018-08-02T01:46:40Z Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms Padilla, N. Eklöf, E. Mårtensson, G. Bolte, Sven Lagercrantz, H. Ådén, U. Preterm infants face an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between autism during childhood and early brain development remains unexplored. We studied 84 preterm children born at < 27 weeks of gestation, who underwent neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term and were screened for ASD at 6.5 years. Full-scale intelligence quotient was measured and neonatal morbidities were recorded. Structural brain morphometric studies were performed in 33 infants with high-quality MRI and no evidence of focal brain lesions. Twenty-three (27.4%) of the children tested ASD positive and 61 (72.6%) tested ASD negative. The ASD-positive group had a significantly higher frequency of neonatal complications than the ASD-negative group. In the subgroup of 33 children, the ASD infants had reduced volumes in the temporal, occipital, insular, and limbic regions and in the brain areas involved in social/behavior and salience integration. This study shows that the neonatal MRI scans of extremely preterm children, subsequently diagnosed with ASD at 6.5 years, showed brain structural alterations, localized in the regions that play a key role in the core features of autism. Early detection of these structural alterations may allow the early identification and intervention of children at risk of ASD. 2017 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67806 10.1093/cercor/bhv300 Oxford Uni Press Inc restricted
spellingShingle Padilla, N.
Eklöf, E.
Mårtensson, G.
Bolte, Sven
Lagercrantz, H.
Ådén, U.
Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
title Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
title_full Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
title_fullStr Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
title_full_unstemmed Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
title_short Poor Brain Growth in Extremely Preterm Neonates Long Before the Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms
title_sort poor brain growth in extremely preterm neonates long before the onset of autism spectrum disorder symptoms
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67806