Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks
Precise point positioning (PPP) and its integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant, PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic), can benefit enormously from the integration of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In such a multi-GNSS landscape, the positioning convergence time is expected to be...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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MDPI Publishing
2018
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67634 |
| _version_ | 1848761617602314240 |
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| author | Nadarajah, Nandakumaran Khodabandeh, Amir Wang, K. Choudhury, Mohammad Teunissen, Peter |
| author_facet | Nadarajah, Nandakumaran Khodabandeh, Amir Wang, K. Choudhury, Mohammad Teunissen, Peter |
| author_sort | Nadarajah, Nandakumaran |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Precise point positioning (PPP) and its integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant, PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic), can benefit enormously from the integration of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In such a multi-GNSS landscape, the positioning convergence time is expected to be reduced considerably as compared to the one obtained by a single-GNSS setup. It is therefore the goal of the present contribution to provide numerical insights into the role taken by the multi-GNSS integration in delivering fast and high-precision positioning solutions (sub-decimeter and centimeter levels) using PPP-RTK. To that end, we employ the Curtin PPP-RTK platform and process data-sets of GPS, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo in stand-alone and combined forms. The data-sets are collected by various receiver types, ranging from high-end multi-frequency geodetic receivers to low-cost single-frequency mass-market receivers. The corresponding stations form a large-scale (Australia-wide) network as well as a small-scale network with inter-station distances less than 30 km. In case of the Australia-wide GPS-only ambiguity-float setup, 90% of the horizontal positioning errors (kinematic mode) are shown to become less than five centimeters after 103 min. The stated required time is reduced to 66 min for the corresponding GPS + BDS + Galieo setup. The time is further reduced to 15 min by applying single-receiver ambiguity resolution. The outcomes are supported by the positioning results of the small-scale network. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:34:31Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-67634 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:34:31Z |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher | MDPI Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-676342018-07-13T03:16:58Z Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks Nadarajah, Nandakumaran Khodabandeh, Amir Wang, K. Choudhury, Mohammad Teunissen, Peter Precise point positioning (PPP) and its integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant, PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic), can benefit enormously from the integration of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). In such a multi-GNSS landscape, the positioning convergence time is expected to be reduced considerably as compared to the one obtained by a single-GNSS setup. It is therefore the goal of the present contribution to provide numerical insights into the role taken by the multi-GNSS integration in delivering fast and high-precision positioning solutions (sub-decimeter and centimeter levels) using PPP-RTK. To that end, we employ the Curtin PPP-RTK platform and process data-sets of GPS, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Galileo in stand-alone and combined forms. The data-sets are collected by various receiver types, ranging from high-end multi-frequency geodetic receivers to low-cost single-frequency mass-market receivers. The corresponding stations form a large-scale (Australia-wide) network as well as a small-scale network with inter-station distances less than 30 km. In case of the Australia-wide GPS-only ambiguity-float setup, 90% of the horizontal positioning errors (kinematic mode) are shown to become less than five centimeters after 103 min. The stated required time is reduced to 66 min for the corresponding GPS + BDS + Galieo setup. The time is further reduced to 15 min by applying single-receiver ambiguity resolution. The outcomes are supported by the positioning results of the small-scale network. 2018 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67634 10.3390/s18041078 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ MDPI Publishing fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Nadarajah, Nandakumaran Khodabandeh, Amir Wang, K. Choudhury, Mohammad Teunissen, Peter Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks |
| title | Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks |
| title_full | Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks |
| title_fullStr | Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks |
| title_short | Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK: From large- to Small-Scale networks |
| title_sort | multi-gnss ppp-rtk: from large- to small-scale networks |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/67634 |