Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating
This study aims to investigate the optimal operating conditions in order to obtain cost effective production of activated carbon (AC) from palm kernel shell (PKS) by microwave heating. Interactions among the independent variables, namely irradiation time (T), microwave power (W), impregnation ratio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Royal Society of Chemistry
2015
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/60542 |
| _version_ | 1848760614260834304 |
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| author | Kundu, A. Gupta, B. Hashim, M. Sahu, J. Mujawar, Mubarak Redzwan, G. |
| author_facet | Kundu, A. Gupta, B. Hashim, M. Sahu, J. Mujawar, Mubarak Redzwan, G. |
| author_sort | Kundu, A. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study aims to investigate the optimal operating conditions in order to obtain cost effective production of activated carbon (AC) from palm kernel shell (PKS) by microwave heating. Interactions among the independent variables, namely irradiation time (T), microwave power (W), impregnation ratio between impregnating substances and PKS, and the concentration of impregnating substance (sulphuric acid) were considered for optimising the process parameters during the production of AC, aided by Central Composite Design. The optimum conditions for the independent process variables were 11.02 minutes of irradiation time, microwave power of 676 W and impregnation ratio of 0.68. The AC produced in this work had a surface area of 1011 m < sup > 2 < /sup > g < sup > -1 < /sup > with high porosity as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zinc was used to verify the potential of AC as an adsorbent. Zinc removal at the optimum conditions was found to be 13.72 mg g < sup > -1 < /sup > . Such a Zn removal value is comparable with the earlier work of other researchers who used a conventional way of producing the AC. It is believed that microwave technology can be used for the production of AC in a short time with high energy efficiency, e.g., 11 minutes against 2-5 hours of reactivation for conventional methods. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:18:34Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-60542 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T10:18:34Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-605422018-06-07T01:49:47Z Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating Kundu, A. Gupta, B. Hashim, M. Sahu, J. Mujawar, Mubarak Redzwan, G. This study aims to investigate the optimal operating conditions in order to obtain cost effective production of activated carbon (AC) from palm kernel shell (PKS) by microwave heating. Interactions among the independent variables, namely irradiation time (T), microwave power (W), impregnation ratio between impregnating substances and PKS, and the concentration of impregnating substance (sulphuric acid) were considered for optimising the process parameters during the production of AC, aided by Central Composite Design. The optimum conditions for the independent process variables were 11.02 minutes of irradiation time, microwave power of 676 W and impregnation ratio of 0.68. The AC produced in this work had a surface area of 1011 m < sup > 2 < /sup > g < sup > -1 < /sup > with high porosity as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Zinc was used to verify the potential of AC as an adsorbent. Zinc removal at the optimum conditions was found to be 13.72 mg g < sup > -1 < /sup > . Such a Zn removal value is comparable with the earlier work of other researchers who used a conventional way of producing the AC. It is believed that microwave technology can be used for the production of AC in a short time with high energy efficiency, e.g., 11 minutes against 2-5 hours of reactivation for conventional methods. 2015 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/60542 10.1039/c4ra16900j Royal Society of Chemistry restricted |
| spellingShingle | Kundu, A. Gupta, B. Hashim, M. Sahu, J. Mujawar, Mubarak Redzwan, G. Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| title | Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| title_full | Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| title_fullStr | Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| title_short | Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| title_sort | optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/60542 |