Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry

This paper offers an electromagnetic, more specifically array theory, perspective on understanding strong instrumental polarization effects for planar low-frequency "aperture arrays" with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) as an example. A long-standing issue that has been seen here is si...

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Main Authors: Sutinjo, Adrian, O'Sullivan, J., Lenc, E., Wayth, Randall, Padhi, S., Hall, Peter, Tingay, Steven
Format: Journal Article
Published: Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2015
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/60364
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author Sutinjo, Adrian
O'Sullivan, J.
Lenc, E.
Wayth, Randall
Padhi, S.
Hall, Peter
Tingay, Steven
author_facet Sutinjo, Adrian
O'Sullivan, J.
Lenc, E.
Wayth, Randall
Padhi, S.
Hall, Peter
Tingay, Steven
author_sort Sutinjo, Adrian
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description This paper offers an electromagnetic, more specifically array theory, perspective on understanding strong instrumental polarization effects for planar low-frequency "aperture arrays" with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) as an example. A long-standing issue that has been seen here is significant instrumental Stokes leakage after calibration, particularly in Stokes Q at high frequencies. A simple model that accounts for interelement mutual coupling is presented which explains the prominence of Q leakage seen when the array is scanned away from zenith in the principal planes. On these planes, the model predicts current imbalance in the X (E-W) and Y (N-S) dipoles and hence the Q leakage. Although helpful in concept, we find that this model is inadequate to explain the full details of the observation data. This finding motivates further experimentation with more rigorous models that account for both mutual coupling and embedded element patterns. Two more rigorous models are discussed: the "full" and "average" embedded element patterns. The viability of the full model is demonstrated by simulating current MWA practice of using a Hertzian dipole model as a Jones matrix estimate. We find that these results replicate the observed Q leakage to approximately 2 to 5%. Finally, we offer more direct indication for the level of improvement expected from upgrading the Jones matrix estimate with more rigorous models. Using the average embedded pattern as an estimate for the full model, we find that Q leakage of a few percent is achievable.
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institution Curtin University Malaysia
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publishDate 2015
publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-603642018-05-07T05:58:13Z Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry Sutinjo, Adrian O'Sullivan, J. Lenc, E. Wayth, Randall Padhi, S. Hall, Peter Tingay, Steven This paper offers an electromagnetic, more specifically array theory, perspective on understanding strong instrumental polarization effects for planar low-frequency "aperture arrays" with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) as an example. A long-standing issue that has been seen here is significant instrumental Stokes leakage after calibration, particularly in Stokes Q at high frequencies. A simple model that accounts for interelement mutual coupling is presented which explains the prominence of Q leakage seen when the array is scanned away from zenith in the principal planes. On these planes, the model predicts current imbalance in the X (E-W) and Y (N-S) dipoles and hence the Q leakage. Although helpful in concept, we find that this model is inadequate to explain the full details of the observation data. This finding motivates further experimentation with more rigorous models that account for both mutual coupling and embedded element patterns. Two more rigorous models are discussed: the "full" and "average" embedded element patterns. The viability of the full model is demonstrated by simulating current MWA practice of using a Hertzian dipole model as a Jones matrix estimate. We find that these results replicate the observed Q leakage to approximately 2 to 5%. Finally, we offer more direct indication for the level of improvement expected from upgrading the Jones matrix estimate with more rigorous models. Using the average embedded pattern as an estimate for the full model, we find that Q leakage of a few percent is achievable. 2015 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/60364 10.1002/2014RS005517 Blackwell Publishing Ltd fulltext
spellingShingle Sutinjo, Adrian
O'Sullivan, J.
Lenc, E.
Wayth, Randall
Padhi, S.
Hall, Peter
Tingay, Steven
Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry
title Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry
title_full Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry
title_fullStr Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry
title_full_unstemmed Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry
title_short Understanding instrumental Stokes leakage in Murchison Widefield Array polarimetry
title_sort understanding instrumental stokes leakage in murchison widefield array polarimetry
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/60364