Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence.
BACKGROUND: Urinalysis testing in the work-place has been adopted widely by employers in the United States to deter employee drug use and promote 'drug-free' work-places. In other countries, such as Canada, testing is focused more narrowly on identifying employees whose drug use puts the s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
2010
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5869 |
| _version_ | 1848744916601012224 |
|---|---|
| author | Macdonald, S. Hall, W. Roman, P. Stockwell, Tim Coghlan, M. Nesvaag, S. |
| author_facet | Macdonald, S. Hall, W. Roman, P. Stockwell, Tim Coghlan, M. Nesvaag, S. |
| author_sort | Macdonald, S. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | BACKGROUND: Urinalysis testing in the work-place has been adopted widely by employers in the United States to deter employee drug use and promote 'drug-free' work-places. In other countries, such as Canada, testing is focused more narrowly on identifying employees whose drug use puts the safety of others at risk. AIMS: We review 20 years of published literature on questions relevant to the objectives of work-place drug testing (WPDT), with a special emphasis on cannabis, the most commonly detected drug. RESULTS: We conclude (i) that the acute effects of smoking cannabis impair performance for a period of about 4 hours; (ii) long-term heavy use of cannabis can impair cognitive ability, but it is not clear that heavy cannabis users represent a meaningful job safety risk unless using before work or on the job; (iii) urine tests have poor validity and low sensitivity to detect employees who represent a safety risk; (iv) drug testing is related to reductions in the prevalence of cannabis positive tests among employees, but this might not translate into fewer cannabis users; and (v) urinalysis has not been shown to have a meaningful impact on job injury/accident rates. CONCLUSIONS: Urinalysis testing is not recommended as a diagnostic tool to identify employees who represent a job safety risk from cannabis use. Blood testing for active tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can be considered by employers who wish to identify employees whose performance may be impaired by their cannabis use. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T06:09:04Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-5869 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T06:09:04Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-58692017-09-13T14:41:02Z Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. Macdonald, S. Hall, W. Roman, P. Stockwell, Tim Coghlan, M. Nesvaag, S. BACKGROUND: Urinalysis testing in the work-place has been adopted widely by employers in the United States to deter employee drug use and promote 'drug-free' work-places. In other countries, such as Canada, testing is focused more narrowly on identifying employees whose drug use puts the safety of others at risk. AIMS: We review 20 years of published literature on questions relevant to the objectives of work-place drug testing (WPDT), with a special emphasis on cannabis, the most commonly detected drug. RESULTS: We conclude (i) that the acute effects of smoking cannabis impair performance for a period of about 4 hours; (ii) long-term heavy use of cannabis can impair cognitive ability, but it is not clear that heavy cannabis users represent a meaningful job safety risk unless using before work or on the job; (iii) urine tests have poor validity and low sensitivity to detect employees who represent a safety risk; (iv) drug testing is related to reductions in the prevalence of cannabis positive tests among employees, but this might not translate into fewer cannabis users; and (v) urinalysis has not been shown to have a meaningful impact on job injury/accident rates. CONCLUSIONS: Urinalysis testing is not recommended as a diagnostic tool to identify employees who represent a job safety risk from cannabis use. Blood testing for active tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can be considered by employers who wish to identify employees whose performance may be impaired by their cannabis use. 2010 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5869 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02808.x Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. restricted |
| spellingShingle | Macdonald, S. Hall, W. Roman, P. Stockwell, Tim Coghlan, M. Nesvaag, S. Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| title | Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| title_full | Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| title_fullStr | Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| title_short | Testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| title_sort | testing for cannabis in the work-place: a review of the evidence. |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5869 |