Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci

Staphylococci are increasingly aggressive human pathogens suggesting that active evolution is spreading novel virulence and resistance phenotypes. Large staphylococcal plasmids commonly carry antibiotic resistances and virulence loci, but relatively few have been completely sequenced. We determined...

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Main Authors: Shearer, J., Wireman, J., Hostetler, J., Forberger, H., Borman, J., Gill, J., Sanchez, S., Mankin, A., LaMarre, J., Lindsay, J., Bayles, K., Nicholson, A., O'Brien, Frances, Jensen, S., Firth, N., Skurray, R., Summers, A.
Format: Journal Article
Published: Genetics Society of America 2011
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5500
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author Shearer, J.
Wireman, J.
Hostetler, J.
Forberger, H.
Borman, J.
Gill, J.
Sanchez, S.
Mankin, A.
LaMarre, J.
Lindsay, J.
Bayles, K.
Nicholson, A.
O'Brien, Frances
Jensen, S.
Firth, N.
Skurray, R.
Summers, A.
author_facet Shearer, J.
Wireman, J.
Hostetler, J.
Forberger, H.
Borman, J.
Gill, J.
Sanchez, S.
Mankin, A.
LaMarre, J.
Lindsay, J.
Bayles, K.
Nicholson, A.
O'Brien, Frances
Jensen, S.
Firth, N.
Skurray, R.
Summers, A.
author_sort Shearer, J.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Staphylococci are increasingly aggressive human pathogens suggesting that active evolution is spreading novel virulence and resistance phenotypes. Large staphylococcal plasmids commonly carry antibiotic resistances and virulence loci, but relatively few have been completely sequenced. We determined the plasmid content of 280 staphylococci isolated in diverse geographical regions from the 1940s to the 2000s and found that 79% of strains carried at least one large plasmid >20 kb and that 75% of these large plasmids were 20–30 kb. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, we grouped 43% of all large plasmids into three major families, showing remarkably conserved intercontinental spread of multiresistant staphylococcal plasmids over seven decades. In total, we sequenced 93 complete and 57 partial staphylococcal plasmids ranging in size from 1.3 kb to 64.9 kb, tripling the number of complete sequences for staphylococcal plasmids >20 kb in the NCBI RefSeq database. These plasmids typically carried multiple antimicrobial and metal resistances and virulence genes, transposases and recombinases. Remarkably, plasmids within each of the three main families were >98% identical, apart from insertions and deletions, despite being isolated from strains decades apart and on different continents. This suggests enormous selective pressure has optimized the content of certain plasmids despite their large size and complex organization.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-55002018-04-18T01:00:38Z Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci Shearer, J. Wireman, J. Hostetler, J. Forberger, H. Borman, J. Gill, J. Sanchez, S. Mankin, A. LaMarre, J. Lindsay, J. Bayles, K. Nicholson, A. O'Brien, Frances Jensen, S. Firth, N. Skurray, R. Summers, A. Staphylococci are increasingly aggressive human pathogens suggesting that active evolution is spreading novel virulence and resistance phenotypes. Large staphylococcal plasmids commonly carry antibiotic resistances and virulence loci, but relatively few have been completely sequenced. We determined the plasmid content of 280 staphylococci isolated in diverse geographical regions from the 1940s to the 2000s and found that 79% of strains carried at least one large plasmid >20 kb and that 75% of these large plasmids were 20–30 kb. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, we grouped 43% of all large plasmids into three major families, showing remarkably conserved intercontinental spread of multiresistant staphylococcal plasmids over seven decades. In total, we sequenced 93 complete and 57 partial staphylococcal plasmids ranging in size from 1.3 kb to 64.9 kb, tripling the number of complete sequences for staphylococcal plasmids >20 kb in the NCBI RefSeq database. These plasmids typically carried multiple antimicrobial and metal resistances and virulence genes, transposases and recombinases. Remarkably, plasmids within each of the three main families were >98% identical, apart from insertions and deletions, despite being isolated from strains decades apart and on different continents. This suggests enormous selective pressure has optimized the content of certain plasmids despite their large size and complex organization. 2011 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5500 10.1534/g3.111.000760 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Genetics Society of America fulltext
spellingShingle Shearer, J.
Wireman, J.
Hostetler, J.
Forberger, H.
Borman, J.
Gill, J.
Sanchez, S.
Mankin, A.
LaMarre, J.
Lindsay, J.
Bayles, K.
Nicholson, A.
O'Brien, Frances
Jensen, S.
Firth, N.
Skurray, R.
Summers, A.
Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
title Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
title_full Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
title_fullStr Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
title_full_unstemmed Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
title_short Major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
title_sort major families of multiresistant plasmids from geographically and epidemiologically diverse staphylococci
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/5500