Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia
This study investigated the formation of eight N-nitrosamines after laboratory chlorination and chloramination of Western Australian source waters (from protected catchments), which experience periodic cyanobacterial blooms. All measured N-nitrosamines, except N-nitrosodipropylamine, were detected a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
American Water Works Association
2017
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54027 |
| _version_ | 1848759287012130816 |
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| author | Linge, Kathryn Kristiana, I. Liew, D. Nottle, C. Heitz, A. Joll, C. |
| author_facet | Linge, Kathryn Kristiana, I. Liew, D. Nottle, C. Heitz, A. Joll, C. |
| author_sort | Linge, Kathryn |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This study investigated the formation of eight N-nitrosamines after laboratory chlorination and chloramination of Western Australian source waters (from protected catchments), which experience periodic cyanobacterial blooms. All measured N-nitrosamines, except N-nitrosodipropylamine, were detected at least once, and total N-nitrosamine formation was higher after chloramination than after chlorination. While previous studies have shown that some cyanobacteria can be related to the formation of N-nitrosamines, formation of N-nitrosamines in the waters tested did not correlate with total cyanobacteria count. Estimates of toxicity, using published 50% lifetime excess cancer risk values, indicated that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the highest contributor to the total measured N-nitrosamine toxicity, suggesting that other measuredN-nitrosamines will only influence toxicity when they arepresent at significantly higher concentrations than NDMA.When assessing the overall health impact of disinfectionby-products, it is important to also consider the formationof disinfection by-products other than N-nitrosamines,which may be present at higher concentrations and thus maypresent higher toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:57:29Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-54027 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:57:29Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | American Water Works Association |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-540272017-09-21T03:12:34Z Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia Linge, Kathryn Kristiana, I. Liew, D. Nottle, C. Heitz, A. Joll, C. This study investigated the formation of eight N-nitrosamines after laboratory chlorination and chloramination of Western Australian source waters (from protected catchments), which experience periodic cyanobacterial blooms. All measured N-nitrosamines, except N-nitrosodipropylamine, were detected at least once, and total N-nitrosamine formation was higher after chloramination than after chlorination. While previous studies have shown that some cyanobacteria can be related to the formation of N-nitrosamines, formation of N-nitrosamines in the waters tested did not correlate with total cyanobacteria count. Estimates of toxicity, using published 50% lifetime excess cancer risk values, indicated that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the highest contributor to the total measured N-nitrosamine toxicity, suggesting that other measuredN-nitrosamines will only influence toxicity when they arepresent at significantly higher concentrations than NDMA.When assessing the overall health impact of disinfectionby-products, it is important to also consider the formationof disinfection by-products other than N-nitrosamines,which may be present at higher concentrations and thus maypresent higher toxicity. 2017 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54027 10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0036 American Water Works Association restricted |
| spellingShingle | Linge, Kathryn Kristiana, I. Liew, D. Nottle, C. Heitz, A. Joll, C. Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia |
| title | Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia |
| title_full | Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia |
| title_fullStr | Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia |
| title_short | Formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: Case studies from Western Australia |
| title_sort | formation of n-nitrosamines in drinking water sources: case studies from western australia |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54027 |