Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises

Alleviating poverty in the least developed countries (LDCs) requires raising the income level of local workers. We look at the poor as producers and explore drivers of higher employee wages. We focus on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) because they are a major driver of employment growth and pove...

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Main Authors: Maksimov, V., Wang, S., Luo, Yadong
Format: Journal Article
Published: Pergamon 2017
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/49792
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author Maksimov, V.
Wang, S.
Luo, Yadong
author_facet Maksimov, V.
Wang, S.
Luo, Yadong
author_sort Maksimov, V.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Alleviating poverty in the least developed countries (LDCs) requires raising the income level of local workers. We look at the poor as producers and explore drivers of higher employee wages. We focus on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) because they are a major driver of employment growth and poverty alleviation in these countries. To pay higher wages, SMEs need to increase organizational efficiency. We argue that in LDCs, characterized by substantial formal institutional constraints, SMEs can improve efficiency either by internalizing inefficient formal institutions or by taking advantage of institutional enablers, established not only by local governments, but also by international, non-governmental, non-profit, or social enterprises set up around the world. In a sample of 1273 SMEs from seven LDCs across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, we find support for a mediated model, where SMEs with government contracts, higher exports, or female ownership achieve higher organizational efficiency, and in turn pay higher employee wages. The strongest mediation occurs for female-owned firms and the weakest for exporting firms, while the direct relationships to wages are strongest for exporting SMEs. The data support the idea that SMEs with a government contract are more efficient in transacting with other constituents in the business environment, those with higher exports have a broad base of efficiency sources, and those with female ownership are particularly adept at exploiting local business and societal relationships.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-497922017-09-13T15:36:20Z Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises Maksimov, V. Wang, S. Luo, Yadong Alleviating poverty in the least developed countries (LDCs) requires raising the income level of local workers. We look at the poor as producers and explore drivers of higher employee wages. We focus on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) because they are a major driver of employment growth and poverty alleviation in these countries. To pay higher wages, SMEs need to increase organizational efficiency. We argue that in LDCs, characterized by substantial formal institutional constraints, SMEs can improve efficiency either by internalizing inefficient formal institutions or by taking advantage of institutional enablers, established not only by local governments, but also by international, non-governmental, non-profit, or social enterprises set up around the world. In a sample of 1273 SMEs from seven LDCs across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, we find support for a mediated model, where SMEs with government contracts, higher exports, or female ownership achieve higher organizational efficiency, and in turn pay higher employee wages. The strongest mediation occurs for female-owned firms and the weakest for exporting firms, while the direct relationships to wages are strongest for exporting SMEs. The data support the idea that SMEs with a government contract are more efficient in transacting with other constituents in the business environment, those with higher exports have a broad base of efficiency sources, and those with female ownership are particularly adept at exploiting local business and societal relationships. 2017 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/49792 10.1016/j.jwb.2016.12.007 Pergamon restricted
spellingShingle Maksimov, V.
Wang, S.
Luo, Yadong
Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises
title Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises
title_full Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises
title_fullStr Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises
title_full_unstemmed Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises
title_short Reducing poverty in the least developed countries: The role of small and medium enterprises
title_sort reducing poverty in the least developed countries: the role of small and medium enterprises
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/49792