Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study
Critical habitats of at-risk populations of northeast Pacific ‘‘resident’’ killer whales can be heavily trafficked by large ships, with transits occurring on average once every hour in busy shipping lanes. We modeled behavioral responses of killer whales to ship transits during 35 ‘‘natural experime...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Elsevier
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/4811 |
| _version_ | 1848744621569474560 |
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| author | Williams, R. Erbe, Christine Ashe, E. Beerman, A. Smith, Jodi |
| author_facet | Williams, R. Erbe, Christine Ashe, E. Beerman, A. Smith, Jodi |
| author_sort | Williams, R. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Critical habitats of at-risk populations of northeast Pacific ‘‘resident’’ killer whales can be heavily trafficked by large ships, with transits occurring on average once every hour in busy shipping lanes. We modeled behavioral responses of killer whales to ship transits during 35 ‘‘natural experiments’’ as a dose–response function of estimated received noise levels in both broadband and audiogram-weighted terms. Interpreting effects is contingent on a subjective and seemingly arbitrary decision about severity threshold indicating a response. Subtle responses were observed around broadband received levels of130 dB re 1 µPa (rms); more severe responses are hypothesized to occur at received levels beyond 150 dB re 1 µPa, where our study lacked data. Avoidance responses are expected to carry minor energetic costs in terms of increased energy expenditure, but future research must assess the potential for reduced prey acquisition, and potential population consequences, under these noise levels. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T06:04:23Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-4811 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T06:04:23Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-48112017-09-13T15:53:52Z Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study Williams, R. Erbe, Christine Ashe, E. Beerman, A. Smith, Jodi Ship Canada Critical Habitat Noise Conservation Killer Whale Critical habitats of at-risk populations of northeast Pacific ‘‘resident’’ killer whales can be heavily trafficked by large ships, with transits occurring on average once every hour in busy shipping lanes. We modeled behavioral responses of killer whales to ship transits during 35 ‘‘natural experiments’’ as a dose–response function of estimated received noise levels in both broadband and audiogram-weighted terms. Interpreting effects is contingent on a subjective and seemingly arbitrary decision about severity threshold indicating a response. Subtle responses were observed around broadband received levels of130 dB re 1 µPa (rms); more severe responses are hypothesized to occur at received levels beyond 150 dB re 1 µPa, where our study lacked data. Avoidance responses are expected to carry minor energetic costs in terms of increased energy expenditure, but future research must assess the potential for reduced prey acquisition, and potential population consequences, under these noise levels. 2014 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/4811 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.004 Elsevier unknown |
| spellingShingle | Ship Canada Critical Habitat Noise Conservation Killer Whale Williams, R. Erbe, Christine Ashe, E. Beerman, A. Smith, Jodi Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study |
| title | Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study |
| title_full | Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study |
| title_fullStr | Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study |
| title_short | Severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: A dose–response study |
| title_sort | severity of killer whale behavioral responses to ship noise: a dose–response study |
| topic | Ship Canada Critical Habitat Noise Conservation Killer Whale |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/4811 |