Bidirectional relationships between cigarette use and spinal pain in adolescents accounting for psychosocial functioning
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the presence of possible bidirectional causal pathways between cigarette use and spinal pain in adolescents controlling for psychosocial functioning, using a prospective longitudinal research design. Design: The data for this study was collect...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/47729 |